In this work, we studied the wave-particle duality and also proposed the implementation of a minimal tomography in the same plane of detection in a model for the interference experiment with matter waves through the double slit. A quantum mechanical description of this experiment is presented, and the intermediary situations of partial knowledge of the ondulatory and corpuscular descriptions were quantied, through the quantities called visibility (V) and predictability (P), respectively, as it is usual in the literature. First, the calculations of these quantities were done for the model of the ideal case of particles sent through the obstacle with the double slit. In the second part, we pursued an aproximation with a more realistic situation and did the same calculations for the case in which the particle interacts with an environment - here, we have considered this environment made of an ideal gas of particles, for simplicity. In this case, entanglement with the environment is developed, and the state of the system becomes, after the acting of the dynamics - which is governed by a master equation - a mixed state. In both cases, we veried that the relationship P2 + V 2 1 is obeyed, and an analisys of the behaviour of these quantities were done. Finally, we proposed a minimal state tomography in the same plane in the model for the experiment here described.
In this work, we studied the wave-particle duality and also proposed the implementation of a minimal tomography in the same plane of detection in a model for the interference experiment with matter waves through the double slit. A quantum mechanical description of this experiment is presented, and the intermediary situations of partial knowledge of the ondulatory and corpuscular descriptions were quantied, through the quantities called visibility (V) and predictability (P), respectively, as it is usual in the literature. First, the calculations of these quantities were done for the model of the ideal case of particles sent through the obstacle with the double slit. In the second part, we pursued an aproximation with a more realistic situation and did the same calculations for the case in which the particle interacts with an environment - here, we have considered this environment made of an ideal gas of particles, for simplicity. In this case, entanglement with the environment is developed, and the state of the system becomes, after the acting of the dynamics - which is governed by a master equation - a mixed state. In both cases, we veried that the relationship P2 + V 2 1 is obeyed, and an analisys of the behaviour of these quantities were done. Finally, we proposed a minimal state tomography in the same plane in the model for the experiment here described.
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre as concepções de futuros professores de física acerca da dualidade onda-partícula. Para tanto, foi necessário elaborar, validar e aplicar um instrumento constituído de 16 questões objetivas envolvendo o efeito fotoelétrico, o experimento de dupla-fenda e o interferômetro de Mach- Zehnder. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos estudantes tem dificuldades em reconhecer em quais situações os objetos quânticos (fótons e elétrons) apresentam um comportamento tipicamente corpuscular ou ondulatório.
Abstract The double-slit experiment is a classic experiment that presents the clearest manifestation of wave-particle duality, one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. The double-slit experiment still remains the phenomenon that demonstrates wave-particle duality at the most fundamental level. This phenomenon quantitatively and conceptually demonstrates that microscopic objects can behave like both waves and particles at the same time. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the physical nature of dualism, the mechanism of formation of the interference pattern, and the impact of the act of observation on the dynamics of quantum systems. The need for a new perspective on this topic is due to the fact that the current uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum reality has not yet been completely eliminated, and the boundaries between classical and quantum behavior in microscopic objects are still being explored. The results presented here restructure the deep mechanisms of the interference picture, more clearly frame the relationship between observation and wavefunction collapse, and provide a quantum. Since the article attempts to provide a complete answer to the mechanism of the formation of wave-particle duality, extensive space is given to sections such as historical development, theoretical models, modern research, etc. New approaches to this phenomenon have been developed using modern research and string theory. As a result, a new mathematical expression has been proposed that explains the reasons for the initial emergence of wave-particle duality, and is also important for string theory. The article explains the measurement problem with a more effective physical structure and ontological model.
Description:This preprint presents a coherent-field explanation of the double-slit experiment within the framework of the Total Coherent Theory (TCT). In this approach, physical excitations are modeled as local perturbations δΨ propagating over a structured and coherent vacuum field Ψ₀. The slits do not act on the particle itself; instead, they generate coherence modulations in the vacuum, producing two coherent pathways that naturally give rise to the interference pattern.The work includes explicit 1D and 2D calculations of vacuum modulation, Fresnel propagation, and intensity reconstruction. A detailed analysis of decoherence and measurement is also provided, showing that which-path detection corresponds to the destruction of vacuum coherence rather than the collapse of a particle wavefunction.The document offers a physically grounded resolution to wave–particle duality by treating interference as a property of the coherent vacuum structure. A Spanish summary is included at the end of the document. fjmartinezsanchezact@gmail.com Descripción:Este preprint presenta una explicación basada en campos coherentes del experimento de la doble rendija dentro del marco de la Teoría de Coherencia Total (TCT). En este enfoque, las excitaciones físicas se describen como perturbaciones locales δΨ que se propagan sobre un vacío estructurado y coherente Ψ₀. Las rendijas no actúan sobre la partícula, sino que modulan la coherencia del vacío y generan dos caminos coherentes que producen el patrón de interferencia.El trabajo incluye cálculos explícitos en 1D y 2D, propagación tipo Fresnel y reconstrucción de intensidades. También se desarrolla un análisis detallado de la decoherencia y la medición, mostrando que la detección del camino destruye la coherencia del vacío en lugar de colapsar la onda de la partícula.El texto ofrece una interpretación física clara del fenómeno de interferencia y una resolución coherente de la dualidad onda-partícula. Se incluye un resumen en español al final del documento. “This preprint is part of the general framework of the Total Coherent Theory (TCT).The foundational TCT manuscript is available at DOI.” https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17709941
We report observations of Cross-Double-Slit Experiment and Which-Path-Cross-Double-Slit experiment. Cross-Double-Slit apparatus contains two double-slit, where first double-slit is perpendicular to second double-slit. The first double-slit and the second double-slit generate not only their own interference pattern perpendicular to each other, but also generate “Cross-interference-patterns”. When we do which-way experiment with one of two double-slit, say first double-slit, then its interference pattern disappeared, i.e., photons behave as particles; but the second double-slit’s interference pattern and the cross-interference-pattern still exist; which implies an significant phenomenon that in the same experiment, photons behave as both wave and particle, which is first time caught on film. Thus we suggest to re-study wave-particle duality, which is the basic mystery of quantum mechanics. We postulate that the particle nature of photons is intrinsic; while the wave-like of photons is manifest-behavior.
Updating the wave-particle duality Maria C. Bosca e-mail: bosca@ugr.es Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear Universidad de Granada E-18071. Granada Spain The wave-particle-duality, the fundamental component of the new quantum formalism in Bohr’s opinion, must be reformulated by incorporating the results of some experiments accomplished in the last decades of twentieth century. The Bohr´s complementarity principle stated the mutual exclusiveness and joint full completeness of the two (classical) descriptions of quantum systems; after Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen’paper, the wave-particle duality, or wave-particle complementarity, could be expressed by stating that it is impossible to build up an experimental arrangement in which we observe at the same time both corpuscular and wave aspects. In a two-slit experiment, they would correspond, respectively, to the which-way knowledge and the observation of interference pattern. Bohr showed this mutual exclusivity in numerous examples , and linked it to the unavoidable disturbance inherent in any measurement event. In quantum mechanical formalism, the complementarity principle has a clear mathematical expression: two observables are complementary if precise knowledge of one of them implies that all possible outcomes of the other are equally probable; their extension to classical concepts (as wave and particle) is not concerned. In 1991 Scully et al published a variant of the two-slit experiment that incorporates two micromasers cavities and a laser beam to provide which-path information without net momentum transferred during the interaction ; the impossibility of know which slit an atom went through and still observe the interference fringes is preserved by the establishing of quantum correlations between the measuring apparatus and the system being observed. They claimed that complementarity, of which wave-particle duality would be to them a manifestation, is more fundamental than the uncertainty principle . In 1996 B-G. Englert, following an approach originally due to Wooters and Zurek , derived , without making use of Heisenberg’s uncertainty relation, an inequality that quantifies the mutual compatibility relation between fringe visibility and which-way information. The inequality, that they denominated as “interferometric duality”, has the expression D^2 + V^2 ≤ 1, where D stands for the distinguishability of the ways and V for the fringe visibility; both of them are mathematical expressions that can be measured to check experimentally the inequality . Today, it is clear that intermediate particle-wave behaviours exist and, in addition to that, there are single experiments in which both classical wave-like and particle-like behaviours are showed total and simultaneously on an individual system. For instance, in the Bose’s double-prism experiment , tunnelling and perfect anticoincidence were observed in single photon states. Consequently, the meaning of the wave-particle duality must incorporate the simultaneous use of the two classical descriptions in the interpretation of experiments, loosing their original mutual exclusivity , which is incorporated as an extreme case in the new interferometric duality, a continuous quantum concept . The wave-particle duality, therefore, must be formulated as an interpretative addition to quantum mechanics, to which is possible to renounce if any pretension of visualize quantum phenomena in terms of classical concepts and intuitions is abandoned.
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma investigação sobre as concepções de futuros professores de física acerca da dualidade onda-partícula. Para tanto, foi necessário elaborar, validar e aplicar um instrumento constituído de 16 questões objetivas envolvendo o efeito fotoelétrico, o experimento de dupla-fenda e o interferômetro de Mach- Zehnder. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos estudantes tem dificuldades em reconhecer em quais situações os objetos quânticos (fótons e elétrons) apresentam um comportamento tipicamente corpuscular ou ondulatório.