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Transição de fase quântica em um hamiltoniano efetivo de três modos para bósons interagentes

Heliques Mesquita Frazao

Published Jul 13, 2018• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this work, we study an effective three-mode Hamiltonian describing interacting bosons. These bosons can be considered as exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity at the magic angle or cold atoms optically trapped in a triple-well potential with a population imbalance conservation. We observe that the quantum properties of the spectrum characterize a quantum phase transition. We realize a thermodynamic limit of the Hamiltonian and we study the classical properties of the phase space. We observe a close analogy between quantum and classical properties: an inflection point (a level approximation) in spectrum corresponds to a separatrix (a trajectory that separates librations and rotations) in phase space. This analogy allows us to characterize the system phases, the order of the transition, and also to construct a phase diagram.

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In this work, we study an effective three-mode Hamiltonian describing interacting bosons. These bosons can be considered as exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity at the magic angle or cold atoms optically trapped in a triple-well potential with a population imbalance conservation. We observe that the quantum properties of the spectrum characterize a quantum phase transition. We realize a thermodynamic limit of the Hamiltonian and we study the classical properties of the phase space. We observe a close analogy between quantum and classical properties: an inflection point (a level approximation) in spectrum corresponds to a separatrix (a trajectory that separates librations and rotations) in phase space. This analogy allows us to characterize the system phases, the order of the transition, and also to construct a phase diagram.
In this work we study an effective three-mode model describing interacting bosons. These bosons can be considered as exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity at the magic angle. This model exhibits quantum phase transition (QPT) when the parameters of the corresponding Hamiltonian are continuously varied. The properties of the Hamiltonian spectrum (e.g., the distance between two adjacent energy levels) and the phase space structure of the thermodynamic limit of the model are used to indicate QPT. The relation between spectral properties of the Hamiltonian and the corresponding classical frame of the thermodynamic limit of the model is established as indicative of QPT. The average number of bosons in a specific mode and the entanglement properties of the ground state as functions of the parameters are used to characterize the order of the transition and also to construct a phase diagram. Finally, we verify our results for experimental data obtained for a setting of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity.
Neste trabalho estudamos um sistema bidimensional composto de duas espécies atômicas condensadas, uma delas contendo uma rede de vórtices. Analogamente ao modelo desenvolvido para tratar de átomos ultrafrios em redes ópticas, mapeamos o Hamiltoniano do nosso sistema com o Hamiltoniano do modelo Bose-Hubbard (BH), com o potencial periódico da rede advindo da interação de campo médio entre as duas espécies. A variação do comprimento de espalhamento atômico permite alterar as propriedades do potencial confinante, com a indução da transição de fase quântica na espécie aprisionada nos vórtices. O novo aspecto trazido pela rede de vórtices advém dos seus modos de excitação de baixa energia, os modos de Tkachenko. Consideramos os efeitos da dinâmica própria desse potencial sobre a espécie aprisonada através de um modelo BH efetivo, com novos valores para interação local e tunelamento, além de um termo adicional de interação de longo alcance, mediada pelos modos da rede. Além de complementar os estudos com redes ópticas estáticas, a proposta teórica desenvolvida apresenta grande viabilidade experimental no contexto das técnicas atuais para manipulação de átomos ultrafrios.
In this paper we consider a bosonic Josephson junction described by a two-mode Bose-Hubbard model, and we thoroughly analyze a quantum phase transition occurring in the system in the limit of infinite bosonic population. We discuss the relation between this quantum phase transition and the dynamical bifurcation occurring in the spectrum of the discrete self-trapping equations describing the system at the semiclassical level. In particular, we identify five regimes depending on the strength of the effective interaction among bosons, and study the finite-size effects arising from the finiteness of the bosonic population. We devote special attention to the critical regime which reduces to the dynamical bifurcation point in the thermodynamic limit of infinite bosonic population. Specifically, we highlight an anomalous scaling in the population imbalance between the two wells of the trapping potential, as well as in two quantities borrowed from quantum information theory, i.e., the entropy of entanglement and the ground-state fidelity. Our analysis is not limited to the zero-temperature case, but considers thermal effects as well.
We present two examples of tunneling in double well potentials. Therst is a study of the localization in a dissipative one-particle system bymeans of an analogy with a spin-1/2 system in a uniform magnetic eld.The second example is an investigation of the tunneling process of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a double well potential from the point of view ofa many body Hamiltonian. Although the two-mode model for the processis not realistic for large enough number of particles (N 200), for certaininitial conditions, it points out a completely dierent explanation for thenon-observation of tunneling from that given in Michael Albiez et al, Phys.Rev. Lett. 95, 010402 (2005). We observe a \phase transition" related to spectral properties of the Hamiltonian and the initial conditions which, for large enough initial population imbalance, presents occupation probabilitiesconcentrated in doublets.
We study the effect of external trapping potentials on the phase diagram of bosonic atoms in optical lattices. We introduce a generalized Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian that includes the structure of the energy levels of the trapping potential, and show that these levels are in general populated both at finite and zero temperature. We characterize the properties of the superfluid transition for this situation and compare them with those of the standard Bose-Hubbard description. We briefly discuss similar behaviors for fermionic systems.
Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is a thermodynamic phase transition of an interacting Bose gas. Its key signatures are remarkable quantum effects like superfluidity and a phonon-like Bogoliubov excitation spectrum, which have been verified for atomic BECs. In the solid state, BEC of exciton-polaritons has been reported. Polaritons are strongly coupled light-matter quasiparticles in semiconductor microcavities and composite bosons. However, they are subject to dephasing and decay and need external pumping to reach a steady state. Accordingly the polariton BEC is a nonequilibrium process of a degenerate polariton gas in self-equilibrium, but out of equilibrium with the baths it is coupled to and therefore deviates from the thermodynamic phase transition seen in atomic BECs. Here we show that key signatures of BEC can even be observed without fulfilling the self-equilibrium condition in a highly photonic quantum degenerate nonequilibrium system.