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Cancelamento de aberrações ópticas utilizando feixes de correlação

Luísa. A. P. Filpi

Published Aug 7, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Optical imaging systems usually introduce wavefront deformation, the so called aberrations, which result in image degradation. In general, optical aberrations can be minimized with suitable combination of lenses or with specially designed lenses to correct certain kinds of aberrations. In this work, we deal with an alternative method for minimizing aberrations, one that employs fourth order detection of photons eneratedby the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion in a non-linear crystal. After a brief description of aberrations and the formation of correlation beams, we present an optical system capable of eliminating correlations introduced by wavefront deformation that are antisymmetric with respect to the system's axis of symmetry. We also present experimental data that conrm the theoretical predictionsand numerical simulations that establish limits for the validity of the proposed method.

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Optical imaging systems usually introduce wavefront deformation, the so called aberrations, which result in image degradation. In general, optical aberrations can be minimized with suitable combination of lenses or with specially designed lenses to correct certain kinds of aberrations. In this work, we deal with an alternative method for minimizing aberrations, one that employs fourth order detection of photons eneratedby the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion in a non-linear crystal. After a brief description of aberrations and the formation of correlation beams, we present an optical system capable of eliminating correlations introduced by wavefront deformation that are antisymmetric with respect to the system's axis of symmetry. We also present experimental data that conrm the theoretical predictionsand numerical simulations that establish limits for the validity of the proposed method.
Photon-pair correlations in spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) processes are ubiquitous in quantum photonics. In this work, we engineer these correlations by imaging arbitrarily chosen objects in the second order correlations of spatially-entangled photon pairs produced by type-I SPDC in a non-linear crystal. Our approach is effective with both amplitude and phase objects, even when the beam intensity is spatially shaped. Additionally, we show that it is resistant to scattering by applying wavefront shaping techniques. We also find that certain phase patterns can refocus through the scattering medium exclusively with photon pairs, and not with classical coherent light. Consequently, the transmission of an image through the scattering medium is only possible if it is correlation encoded; coherent light alone cannot reconstruct the image. Our approach enables the transmission of complex, high-dimensional information using quantum correlations of photons, offering significant potential for advancing quantum communication and imaging protocols.
The turbulent mixing of air at different temperatures turns the refractive index of air in the atmosphere into a randomly varying quantity. Together with scattering by fog, this fluctuation figures among the greatest obstacles in information transmission through free-space optics. In this thesis, a passive method is introduced that attenuates the distortions created by the atmosphere through the use of correlation beams: entities which describe photon correlations and propagate formally as regular beams. The correct choice of correlation mitigates some of the most severe aberrations and allows for information coding immune to the fluctuations up to good approximation. The models are demonstrated via Monte Carlo simulations and through an experiment in which turbulence is generated in the lab with a turbulence emulating chamber and the correlation beam is created using spontaneous parametric down-conversion. One of the correlation beam's spatial properties, parity, is shown to be particularly robust against the fluctuations and an experimental proposal is presented that exploits this capability. Investigations are done concerning other implications of a robust correlation beam, which indicate at least one drawback: a reduction in the overall signal collected by a receiver.
In this work we discuss topics such as the theory of photon detectors, showing its operation mode, characteristics and types. In addition, we also study the quantum detection theory, how photons interact with the detector's atoms, and how the process of single and coincidences counting mode works. We look into the theory of parametric down conversion in order to create a correlated photon source and a single photon source. We also discuss about ghost imaging theory and experiments, since it shows us in a very clear way a direct appplication for a single photons camera. I present the results obtained so far with the camera we have in our laboratory. We detected the photon's cones generated by the parametric down conversion type I and type II. We recorded interference patterns, multiple slit images, and amplitude masks images with few photons. We used the CCD for photon counting in an experiment where an image of an object is obtained through photons that have not interacted with the object, but is part of one of the beams in the stimulated parametric down conversion. One of the great motivators of working with a camera is performing quantum optics experiments where spatial patterns are detected. In this aspect a camera has a greater robustness than single photon APD since it allows us to observe the whole transverse profile of a beam simultaneously, something that is possible only with a set of detectors APDs.
Structured light, where complex optical fields are tailored in all their degrees of freedom, has become highly topical of late, advanced by a sophisticated toolkit comprising both linear and nonlinear optics. Removing undesired structure from light is far less developed, leveraging mostly on inverting the distortion, e.g., with adaptive optics or the inverse transmission matrix of a complex channel, both requiring that the distortion be fully characterized through appropriate measurement. We show that distortions in spatially structured light can be corrected through difference-frequency generation in a nonlinear crystal without any need for the distortion to be known. We demonstrate the versatility of our approach using a wide range of aberrations and structured light modes, including higher-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams, showing excellent recovery of the original undistorted field. To highlight the efficacy of this process, we deploy the system in a prepare-and-measure communications link with OAM, showing minimal cross talk even when the transmission channel is highly aberrated, and outline how the approach could be extended to alternative experimental modalities and nonlinear processes. Our demonstration of light-correcting light without the need for measurement opens an approach to measurement-free error correction for classical and quantum structured light, with direct applications in imaging, sensing, and communication.