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Journal of Optics

Theoretical simulation of Gaussian beam interferometric optical tweezers with symmetrical construction

Mohammadbagher Mohammadnezhad, Salah Raza Saeed, Abdollah Hassanzadeh

Published Sep 2, 2019• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Multi-beam optical tweezers can be very effective and suitable for creating optical lattices and dexterous manipulation of the microscopic world. In an earlier work, a symmetrical multi-beam optical tweezers setup was proposed and theoretically investigated. In that study, however, we assumed that the incident beams were plane waves, and a plane wave cannot exist in real situations. The main aim of this paper is to investigate multi-beam optical tweezers under the realistic condition of using the Gaussian beams. The effects of changing the polarization state and the number of incident beams on potential landscapes are investigated. A comparison between the Gaussian beam and plane wave lattices is also performed. The results show that in the case of p-polarization, a very small spot (a sub- λ spot) can be achieved by increasing the number of incident beams. However, for s-polarized incident beams instead of a bright center, a dark center intensity distribution is obtained. The lattices constructed by the interference of the Gaussian beams have deeper traps in the central region compared to the plane wave lattices.

DOI
10.1088/2040-8986/ab406b

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Abstract Multi-beam optical tweezers can be very effective and suitable for creating optical lattices and dexterous manipulation of the microscopic world. In an earlier work, a symmetrical multi-beam optical tweezers setup was proposed and theoretically investigated. In that study, however, we assumed that the incident beams were plane waves, and a plane wave cannot exist in real situations. The main aim of this paper is to investigate multi-beam optical tweezers under the realistic condition of using the Gaussian beams. The effects of changing the polarization state and the number of incident beams on potential landscapes are investigated. A comparison between the Gaussian beam and plane wave lattices is also performed. The results show that in the case of p-polarization, a very small spot (a sub- λ spot) can be achieved by increasing the number of incident beams. However, for s-polarized incident beams instead of a bright center, a dark center intensity distribution is obtained. The lattices constructed by the interference of the Gaussian beams have deeper traps in the central region compared to the plane wave lattices.
Abstract One of the essential requirements for atom-based technology is controlling the position and characterizing interactions between atoms and their environment. Optical tweezers are crucial for positioning atoms precisely. Typically, quantum technology research utilizes two-dimensional optical tweezers planar arrays, which are limited in manipulating atoms at different depths of field. To address this issue, three-dimensional optical tweezers can be simulated using a modulated phase mask of a Gaussian laser beam. The phase mask is computed using the direct phase addition (DPA) method with a weight factor, and the angular spectrum method (ASM) is employed to propagate a 2D intensity pattern transversely through the beam, layer by layer. Our results showed that the position of each trap can be adjusted to desire positions in 3D with a global weight factor. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrates that increasing resolution improves measurement precision. Utilizing 3D atom arrays enhances quantum simulation capabilities, providing better insights into complex phenomena. The results of this investigation will be applied to a spatial light modulator in a real setup for an ultra-cold atom trapping experiment.
Optical tweezers technique has aggrandized the light-matter interaction, whereby researchers have employed light forces from colloidal sciences to biomedical applications. There have been constant quests to integrate novel beams in tweezers system for myriads of novel applications. In this paper, we report optical tweezers system based on self-imaged optical bottle beams, which has some distinct advantages over other conventional beams like Gaussian, Laguerre-Gaussian and Bessel beams in few applications. A self-imaged bottle beam is obtained by superimposing two Bessel beams with varying radial wavevectors. A self-imaged bottle beam possesses three-dimensional intensity-null points along the propagation axis and by varying the radial wavevectors of the Bessel beams number of bottles; location of bottles and the dimension of the bottles can be pre-determined. Moreover, by dynamically varying the parameters of radial wavevector of interfering Bessel beams, the dynamic potential-well obtained are capable of transporting both high and low indices microparticle in conveyor-belt arrangement along the longitudinal axis. Bottle beams belongs to the family of propagation-invariant beams and hence inherent the propagation-invariance and self-reconstruction properties of Bessel beam together with three-dimensional trapping potential contrary to Bessel beam whereby the particles trapped in the central core are loosing defined in the longitudinal axis. Such bottle beams also holds promise applications in blue-detuned optical taps for the optical confinement of laser-cooled atoms in three-dimensional dark region.
The bottle beam configuration is a light field created by the interference of a pair of Laguerre–Gauss light beams with zero orbital angular momentum. In this work we show the theoretical study of the bottle beam as well as the use of this beam for the creation of a novel atom optical dipole trap namely the bottle atom trap. In such a trap the resulting dark trapping region is three-dimensional and has a cylindrical symmetry. These promising results show that this trap is a nice candidate for trapping Bose–Einstein condensates and may serve as an optical tweezer mechanism potentially useful for trapping micron-sized dielectric particles.
Usually, optical tweezers for trapping atoms or nanoparticles are based on the focusing of a Gaussian laser beam (GB). The optical trap is characterised by its longitudinal stability (LS), expressed as the ratio of the backward axial gradient and the forward scattering forces. Replacing the GB with a LGp0 beam (one central peak surrounded by p rings) does not improve the LS because the on-axis intensity distribution is the same whatever the mode order p. However, it has been recently demonstrated that a restructured LGp0 beam can improve greatly the LS. In this paper, we consider the restructuring of a LGp0 beam when passing through a simple binary diffracting optical element called a circular π-plate (CPP). For a particular radius of the dephasing zone of the CPP, it is found that the LS is multiplied by a factor corresponding to a relative increase of about 220% to 320%.
This thesis describes the experimental and theoretical work that investigated the transfer of orbital angular momentum from light to matter. This was achieved by combining two established areas of laser physics which were "optical tweezers" and Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. The optical tweezers are essentially a tightly focussed laser beam from a high numerical aperture microscope objective lens, which traps particles in three dimensions just below the beam focus. By incorporating a Laguerre- Gaussian laser mode into the tweezers system, the trapping efficiency was doubled. These improved optical tweezers have been successfully demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. In addition to the spin angular momentum which is associated with the polarisation state, the Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes also possess orbital angular momentum. The "optical spanners" utilised this property by transferring orbital angular momentum from the laser beam to the trapped particle, causing it to rotate whilst being held in the optical trap. This effect was theoretically modelled and experimentally observed. Using the optical spanners, the spin angular momentum of the laser was used to directly cancel the orbital angular momentum in the beam, which was observed as a cessation in rotation of the trapped particle. This demonstrated the mechanical equivalence of the spin and orbital components of angular momentum in a light beam, and gave experimental evidence for the well defined nature of the orbital angular momentum present in Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes.