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International Journal of Advanced Research

PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS FOR COPENHAGEN INTERPRETATION OF QUANTUM MECHANICS.

J Wang

Published Jul 31, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Copenhagen interpretation, as the orthodox interpretation of quantum mechanics currently, bases on Mach?s positivistic philosophy. It takes the Max Born?s statistical interpretation of wave function, the
DOI
10.21474/ijar01/9453

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We briefly review the Copenhagen Interpretation. The original Copenhagen Interpretation of approximately a century ago was enriched with the work of von Neumann and is now referred to as the Orthodox view. The issue of evolution of a quantum system in light of measuring process in this Orthodox interpretation has been extensively developed and a comprehensive thought system of understanding has been written by Stapp. In our view, an enhancement of the work to date allows for a novel understanding of the role of observation in quantum systems.
In the 20th century the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics had the leading position. This interpretation was formulated by N. Bohr and W. Hei­senberg in the late twenties and in thirties and was named the orthodox interpretation as it was presented in leading textbooks. The alternative interpretations arose, however they were treated in connection with the problems, which were typical for the orthodox interpretation. In the 21st century the new situation arose. A number of non-orthodox interpretations has been taken under consi­deration by the physicists, and they have been treated in connection withtheir specific methodological problems. In the present paper we refer to the list of the popular interpretations of quantum mechanics, the list which was compiled on the basis of two sources: 1) a survey of the physicists who participated in the seminar which was organized by the Nobel Prize winner A. Zeilinger, and 2) a review of the literature, provided by the French physicist and the historian of physics F. Laloë. We take under consideration the following interpretations: the Copenhagen interpretation, information interpretation (A. Zeilinger), many-worlds interpretation (H. Everett, B. DeWitt); interpretation of relative states (H. Everett); interpretation of objective collapse (R. Penrose); subjectivist (Bayesian) interpretation.
The Copenhagen interpretation is an interpretation of the quantum domain that emerged from the pioneering work of Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Born, and De Broglie. On the Copenhagen interpretation the observational level is a portion of the language of ordinary experience, augmented by the classical theories of mechanics and electromagnetism. The Copenhagen interpretation places an additional restriction on theoretical-level interpretations. The calculations of both quantum theory and special relativity theory exhibit asymptotic agreement with the calculations of classical theory. N. R. Hanson maintained that one important feature of the Copenhagen interpretation is Bohr's insistence that all empirically testable statements within quantum theory are ultimately about "phenomena". Pictorial-level interpretations may take the form of mutually exclusive descriptions of a quantum system in terms of classical particles or classical waves. Critics of the Copenhagen interpretation take the failure of the "causal attribution implies explanation" thesis at the pictorial level to be a good reason to eliminate this level of interpretation.
We reexamined the Copenhagen interpretations of quantum mechanics from the perspectives of mathematical deduction, logic reasoning process and intrinsic physical nature of wave function. We conclude that all the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Born rule, and Bohr’s complimentary principle were not correct. Even for a quantum particle, at specific time, it must be classically localized but not non-local. Based on our analysis and deduction, the right interpretations to quantum mechanics were also developed.
(A point-by-point response to a comment (quant-ph/0509130) on our paper (quant-ph/0509089) is added as Appendix C. We find the comment incorrect.) Einstein's criticism of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics is an important part of his legacy. Although most physicists consider Einstein's criticism technically unfounded, we show that the Copenhagen interpretation is actually incorrect, since Born's probability explanation of the wave function is incorrect due to a false assumption on "continuous probabilities" in modern probability theory. "Continuous probability" means a "probability measure" that can take every value in a subinterval of the unit interval (0, 1). We prove that such "continuous probabilities" are invalid. Since Bell's inequality also assumes "continuous probabilities", the result of the experimental test of Bell's inequality is not evidence supporting the Copenhagen interpretation. Although successful applications of quantum mechanics and explanation of quantum phenomena do not necessarily rely on the Copenhagen interpretation, the question asked by Einstein 70 years ago, i.e., whether a complete description of reality exists, still remains open.