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Diamond studies for applications in quantum technologies

Charlie Oncebay Segura

Published Aug 26, 2019• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Among several hundred impurities and defects that can occur in diamond, the nitrogenvacancy (NV) center is one of the most interesting for quantum technologies at room temperature. Several properties make it an excellent platform for many applications, from nanosensor to quantum information processing.
DOI
10.11606/t.76.2019.tde-01082019-152208

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Among several hundred impurities and defects that can occur in diamond, the nitrogenvacancy (NV) center is one of the most interesting for quantum technologies at room temperature. Several properties make it an excellent platform for many applications, from nanosensor to quantum information processing. This thesis presents the first explorations of NV-based technologies in our laboratory, investigating three sets of studies aimed at learning the know-how of this field of research and developing the necessary infrastructure to explore them in future quantum technologies. The first set of studies focus on magnetometry and how to improve NV-based magnetic sensing. We show that, using engineered ensembles of NV centers in ultrapure synthetic diamonds, one can build a relatively simple apparatus to do magnetic imaging of relatively large areas while determining the full vector field with high spatial resolution and very good sensitivity. We also show that these measurements can be used to reconstruct the current density distribution of nearby sources, opening exciting possibilities to study two-dimensional materials. Another set of studies involve spin coherence of an ensemble of NV centers. For that, we developed a method based on a CCD camera and an imaging protocol that allows implementing pulse sequences like Rabi, Ramsey and Hahn echo, performing Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy over extended areas. Using this method we extract parameters from our sample, including measurements for T1, T2 and T*2. The method was also used to observe Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation (ESEEM), due to hyperfine interaction with nearby 15N nucleus, resulting in improved frequency sensitivity. The third set of studies explore how to use femtosecond lasers to produce NV centers in diamond and investigated the nonlinear index of refraction (n2) of the diamond (type IIa) in a broad spectral region, from the infrared (1500 nm) to the ultraviolet (260 nm).
Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers are point defects in diamond that allow magnetic field sensing based on Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance (ODMR). They are processed in ultrapure single-domain CVD grown diamond crystals and can be operated at room temperature. This results in solid-state sensors with a wide variety of applications. Ensemble of NV centers can be used to perform wide-field magnetic imaging with sensitivity in the nT range. Single NV centers can also be processed, which allows sensing at the atomic scale. This possibility, combined with its unique coherence properties, make NV center an ideal candidate for quantum sensing.
Point defects in diamond, particularly nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. These defects are promising candidates for quantum information science, serving as deterministic single-photon sources and solid-state quantum memories. They have also been employed as nanoscale quantum sensors to detect various physical quantities, including magnetic fields, electric fields, and temperature, owing to their long spin coherence time at room temperature. Development of these diamond-based quantum technologies has been rapidly boosted by a recent quantum leap in nanofabrication technologies for high-quality single-crystal diamond. Incorporating these color centers into diamond nanostructures with mature integrated photonics provides a promising route to build scalable and practical systems for quantum applications. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms. Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond have emerged as powerful tools for a broad range of quantum technologies. This review discusses recent progress and challenges in the hybrid integration of diamond color centers on cutting-edge photonic platforms.
Atomic scale defects in diamond are emerging as next-generation quantum sensors. One such defect is the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center which possesses artificial atom-like properties making it a strong contender for a room temperature solid state qubit. These spin defects are optically addressable by studying their optically detected magnetic resonance spectra (ODMR). The spin states can be initialized, controlled, and read out by a shining laser. The photoluminescence spectra contain information on the external magnetic field, electric field, temperature, etc. Thus, this type of multimodal sensor is exigent in various fields of research viz. chemistry, materials science, biology, and fundamental physics. In today's world where energy-related products are booming, deployment of quantum sensors can expedite the development. Based on existing works, this paper makes an attempt to identify the applications of color centers in diamond for energy sectors. We have highlighted the efficacy of quantum diamond sensors in the oil and gas industry, battery research, and photovoltaics. In addition, a summary of the structural and quantum properties of defects in diamond, synthesis of diamond, protocols for optical detection of spin states, different types of color centers, etc., is presented.