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Scientia Insularum Revista de Ciencias Naturales en islas

Decoherence and entanglement in quantum physics

Jorge Medina Hernández

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Throughout this project, the case of a composite system formed by a harmonic oscillator and a two-state atom will be studied; considering both affect each other as \na consequence of a Jaynes-Cummings interaction, and being both coupled to different reservoirs that are assumed to be independent from each other. The effects \nof the decoherence in the evolution of the populations and coherences will be analyzed; specifically the energy dissipation and the coherence loss, as well as the stationary states and the relevance of the Jaynes-Cummings interaction. Finally, the \nsolution of stochastic equations will be analyzed, particularly the evolution of the \nexpectation value of the position operator for the harmonic oscilator; for the case of \nsimultaneous measurements in both subsystems, as well as for a measurement in \nthe harmonic oscillator when the two-state atom undergoes a decoherence process.

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Throughout this project, the case of a composite system formed by a harmonic oscillator and a two-state atom will be studied; considering both affect each other as \na consequence of a Jaynes-Cummings interaction, and being both coupled to different reservoirs that are assumed to be independent from each other. The effects \nof the decoherence in the evolution of the populations and coherences will be analyzed; specifically the energy dissipation and the coherence loss, as well as the stationary states and the relevance of the Jaynes-Cummings interaction. Finally, the \nsolution of stochastic equations will be analyzed, particularly the evolution of the \nexpectation value of the position operator for the harmonic oscilator; for the case of \nsimultaneous measurements in both subsystems, as well as for a measurement in \nthe harmonic oscillator when the two-state atom undergoes a decoherence process.
The effect induced by an environment on a composite quantum system is studied. The model considers the composite system as comprised by a subsystem A coupled to a subsystem B which is also coupled to an external environment. We studied all possible four combinations of subsystems A and B made up with a harmonic oscillator and an upside down oscillator. We analyzed the decoherence suffered by subsystem A due to an effective environment composed by subsystem B and the external reservoir. In all the cases we found that subsystem A decoheres even though it interacts with the environment only through its sole coupling to B. However, the effectiveness of the diffusion depends on the unstable nature of subsystem A and B. Therefore, the role of this degree of freedom in the effective environment is analyzed in detail.
The effect induced by an environment on a composite quantum system is studied. The model considers the composite system as comprised by a subsystem A coupled to a subsystem B which is also coupled to an external environment. We studied all possible four combinations of subsystems A and B made up with a harmonic oscillator and an upside down oscillator. We analyzed the decoherence suffered by subsystem A due to an effective environment composed by subsystem B and the external reservoir. In all the cases we found that subsystem A decoheres even though it interacts with the environment only through its sole coupling to B. However, the effectiveness of the diffusion depends on the unstable nature of subsystem A and B. Therefore, the role of this degree of freedom in the effective environment is analyzed in detail. © World Scientific Publishing Company.
Entanglement and decoherence arguably define the central issues of concern in present day quantum information theory. Decoherence occurs when a system interacts with its environment in an irreversible way; this prevents the quantum superposition of the system + environment's wavefunction from interfering with each other. A better understanding of environment-induced destruction of coherent superposition states is needed, as well as a clear description of the degree of entanglement between the quantum system and its environment. We quantitatively establish a correspondence between entanglement, decoherence, and spin dynamics for a two-state system coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators, resulting in the celebrated spin-boson model. Applications to solid-state and cold atomic systems are also discussed.
A new type of the dissipative Jaynes-Cummings model is presented. Interaction between a composite relevant system and a reservoir is introduced to modulate the coupling constant in the relevant system. A quantal master equation is obtained with use of the time convolutionless (TCL) projection operator formalism and is expanded in terms of eigenstates of the composite relevant system. The resulting basic equations become solvable and can be used irrespective of the interaction strength between the relevant subsystems. Moreover, these equations give the correct equilibrium values in each subspace. Several explicit numerical calculations are done.
This tutorial reviews recent theoretical and experimental findings on the open-system dynamics of entanglement, which can differ in remarkable ways from the dynamics of the individual components of the system. Decoherence leads to non-exponential decay of entanglement, which may vanish even when coherence is still present in the system. These results, which have been recently probed by quantum optics experiments, are relevant for assessing the robustness of applications like quantum communication and computation, as well as for addressing fundamental questions, already raised by Einstein and Schrödinger, concerning the classical limit of quantum mechanics.