Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Symmetry

Quantum Behavior of a PT -Symmetric Two-Mode System with Cross-Kerr Nonlinearity

Jan Peřina, A. Lukš

Published Aug 7, 2019• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum behavior of two oscillator modes, with mutually balanced gain and loss and coupled via linear coupling (including energy conserving as well as energy non-conserving terms) and nonlinear cross-Kerr effect, is investigated. Stationary states are found and their stability analysis is given. Exceptional points for PT -symmetric cases are identified. Quantum dynamics treated by the model of linear operator corrections to a classical solution reveals nonclassical properties of individual modes (squeezing) as well as their entanglement.

DOI
10.3390/sym11081020

Related papers

Nonclassical light at exceptional points of a quantum PT-symmetric two-mode system

Jan Peřina, A. Lukš, Joanna K. Kalaga +2 more

A two-mode optical parity-time (PT) symmetric system, with gain and damping, described by a quantum quadratic Hamiltonian with additional small Kerr-like nonlinear terms, is analyzed from the point of view of nonclassical-light generation. Two kinds of stationary states with different types of (in)stability are revealed. Properties of one of these are related to the presence of semiclassical exceptional points, i.e., exotic degeneracies of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing the studied system without quantum jumps. The evolution of the logarithmic negativity, principal squeezing variances, and sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations, considered as entanglement and non-classicality quantifiers, is analyzed in the approximation of linear-operator corrections to the classical solution. Suitable conditions for nonclassical-light generation are identified in the oscillatory regime, especially at and around exceptional points that considerably enhance the nonlinear interaction and, thus, the non-classicality of the generated light. The role of quantum fluctuations, inevitably accompanying attenuation and amplification in the evolution of quantum states, is elucidated. The evolution of the system is analyzed for different initial conditions.

arXiv:1910.10690•Oct 23, 2019•1 citation

Nonclassical light at exceptional points of a quantum PT -symmetric two-mode system

Jan Peřina, A. Lukš, Joanna K. Kalaga +2 more

A two-mode optical parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric system, with gain and damping, described by a quantum quadratic Hamiltonian with additional small Kerr-like nonlinear terms, is analyzed from the point of view of nonclassical-light generation. Two kinds of stationary states with different types of (in)stability are revealed. Properties of one of these are related to the presence of semiclassical exceptional points, i.e., exotic degeneracies of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing the studied system without quantum jumps. The evolution of the logarithmic negativity, principal squeezing variances, and sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations, considered as entanglement and nonclassicality quantifiers, is analyzed in the approximation of linear-operator corrections to the classical solution. Suitable conditions for nonclassical-light generation are identified in the oscillatory regime, especially at and around exceptional points that considerably enhance the nonlinear interaction and, thus, the nonclassicality of the generated light. The role of quantum fluctuations, inevitably accompanying attenuation and amplification in the evolution of quantum states, is elucidated. The evolution of the system is analyzed for different initial conditions.

Physical Review A•Nov 11, 2019•43 citations

Unavoidability of nonclassicality loss in PT -symmetric systems

Jan Peřina, Adam Miranowicz, Joanna K. Kalaga +1 more

The authors study the dynamics of two nonlinearly coupled oscillator modes in a $\mathcal{P}\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}\mathcal{T}$-symmetric system, in which gain and loss are provided by coupling a pair of bosonic modes to separate baths. The authors show that even when the model parameters are fine-tuned to achieve a balance between gain and loss in the semiclassical limit, the fluctuations of the bath lead to a gradual loss of nonclassicality and entanglement between the modes.

Physical Review A•Sep 15, 2023•8 citations

Quantum description of a PT-symmetric nonlinear directional coupler

Vlasta Peřinová, A. Lukš, J. Křepelka

We treat a PT-symmetric directional coupler with Kerr nonlinearity in both the single-mode waveguides. We investigate the quantum propagation of a coherent state through this device and simplify the appropriate description to a semiclassical one. Through numerical calculation we find that, for lower gain rates, the oscillatory behavior of the coupler changes only a little under the influence of the supplied noise. But for higher gain rates, the noise causes the coupler to behave like above the threshold of the increase of the photon number in one mode. In the coupler without the cross-Kerr interaction, this behavior is more pronounced. In this connection, the first- and second-order correlation functions exhibit a temporary oscillatory behavior for higher gain rates.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Mar 5, 2019•11 citations

Quantum noise effects with Kerr-nonlinearity enhancement in coupled gain-loss waveguides

Bing He, Shubin Yan, Jing Wang +1 more

It is generally difficult to study the dynamical properties of a quantum system with both inherent quantum noises and nonperturbative nonlinearity. Due to the possibly drastic intensity increase of an input coherent light in gain-loss waveguide couplers with parity-time $(\mathcal{PT})$ symmetry, the Kerr effect from a nonlinearity added into the system can be greatly enhanced and is expected to create macroscopic entangled states of the output light fields with huge photon numbers. Meanwhile, quantum noises also coexist with the amplification and dissipation of the light fields. Under the interplay between the quantum noises and nonlinearity, the quantum dynamical behaviors of the systems become rather complicated. However, the important quantum noise effects have been mostly neglected in previous studies about nonlinear $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric systems. Here we present a solution to this nonperturbative quantum nonlinear problem, showing the real-time evolution of the system observables. The enhanced Kerr nonlinearity is found to give rise to a previously unknown decoherence effect that is irrelevant to the quantum noises and imposes a limit on the emergence of macroscopic nonclassicality. In contrast to what happens in linear systems, the quantum noises exert significant impact on the system dynamics and can create nonclassical light field states in conjunction with the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. This study on the noise involved in quantum nonlinear dynamics of coupled gain-loss waveguides can help to better understand the quantum noise effects in many nonlinear systems.

arXiv:1408.0565•Physical Review A•May 18, 2015•59 citations

Stationary quantum correlations in a system with mean-field PT symmetry

Federico Roccati, Salvatore Lorenzo, G. Massimo Palma +1 more

A pair of coupled quantum harmonic oscillators, one subject to a gain one to a loss, is a paradigmatic setup to implement PT-symmetric, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in that one such Hamiltonian governs the mean-field dynamics for equal gain and loss strengths. Through a full quantum description (so as to account for quantum noise) here is shown that when the system starts in any two-mode coherent state, including vacuum, there appear quantum correlations (QCs) without entanglement, as measured by the Gaussian discord. When the loss rate is above a threshold, once generated QCs no more decay. This occurs in a wide region of parameters, significantly larger than that where the full quantum dynamics is stable. For equal gain and loss rates, in particular, QCs decay in the exact phase (including the exceptional point) and are stable in the broken phase.

arXiv:1907.00975•Jul 1, 2019•0 citations
Quantum behavior of two oscillator modes, with mutually balanced gain and loss and coupled via linear coupling (including energy conserving as well as energy non-conserving terms) and nonlinear cross-Kerr effect, is investigated. Stationary states are found and their stability analysis is given. Exceptional points for PT -symmetric cases are identified. Quantum dynamics treated by the model of linear operator corrections to a classical solution reveals nonclassical properties of individual modes (squeezing) as well as their entanglement.
A two-mode optical parity-time (PT) symmetric system, with gain and damping, described by a quantum quadratic Hamiltonian with additional small Kerr-like nonlinear terms, is analyzed from the point of view of nonclassical-light generation. Two kinds of stationary states with different types of (in)stability are revealed. Properties of one of these are related to the presence of semiclassical exceptional points, i.e., exotic degeneracies of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing the studied system without quantum jumps. The evolution of the logarithmic negativity, principal squeezing variances, and sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations, considered as entanglement and non-classicality quantifiers, is analyzed in the approximation of linear-operator corrections to the classical solution. Suitable conditions for nonclassical-light generation are identified in the oscillatory regime, especially at and around exceptional points that considerably enhance the nonlinear interaction and, thus, the non-classicality of the generated light. The role of quantum fluctuations, inevitably accompanying attenuation and amplification in the evolution of quantum states, is elucidated. The evolution of the system is analyzed for different initial conditions.
A two-mode optical parity-time (PT\mathcal{PT}PT) symmetric system, with gain and damping, described by a quantum quadratic Hamiltonian with additional small Kerr-like nonlinear terms, is analyzed from the point of view of nonclassical-light generation. Two kinds of stationary states with different types of (in)stability are revealed. Properties of one of these are related to the presence of semiclassical exceptional points, i.e., exotic degeneracies of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian describing the studied system without quantum jumps. The evolution of the logarithmic negativity, principal squeezing variances, and sub-shot-noise photon-number correlations, considered as entanglement and nonclassicality quantifiers, is analyzed in the approximation of linear-operator corrections to the classical solution. Suitable conditions for nonclassical-light generation are identified in the oscillatory regime, especially at and around exceptional points that considerably enhance the nonlinear interaction and, thus, the nonclassicality of the generated light. The role of quantum fluctuations, inevitably accompanying attenuation and amplification in the evolution of quantum states, is elucidated. The evolution of the system is analyzed for different initial conditions.
We treat a PT-symmetric directional coupler with Kerr nonlinearity in both the single-mode waveguides. We investigate the quantum propagation of a coherent state through this device and simplify the appropriate description to a semiclassical one. Through numerical calculation we find that, for lower gain rates, the oscillatory behavior of the coupler changes only a little under the influence of the supplied noise. But for higher gain rates, the noise causes the coupler to behave like above the threshold of the increase of the photon number in one mode. In the coupler without the cross-Kerr interaction, this behavior is more pronounced. In this connection, the first- and second-order correlation functions exhibit a temporary oscillatory behavior for higher gain rates.
It is generally difficult to study the dynamical properties of a quantum system with both inherent quantum noises and nonperturbative nonlinearity. Due to the possibly drastic intensity increase of an input coherent light in gain-loss waveguide couplers with parity-time (PT)(\mathcal{PT})(PT) symmetry, the Kerr effect from a nonlinearity added into the system can be greatly enhanced and is expected to create macroscopic entangled states of the output light fields with huge photon numbers. Meanwhile, quantum noises also coexist with the amplification and dissipation of the light fields. Under the interplay between the quantum noises and nonlinearity, the quantum dynamical behaviors of the systems become rather complicated. However, the important quantum noise effects have been mostly neglected in previous studies about nonlinear PT\mathcal{PT}PT-symmetric systems. Here we present a solution to this nonperturbative quantum nonlinear problem, showing the real-time evolution of the system observables. The enhanced Kerr nonlinearity is found to give rise to a previously unknown decoherence effect that is irrelevant to the quantum noises and imposes a limit on the emergence of macroscopic nonclassicality. In contrast to what happens in linear systems, the quantum noises exert significant impact on the system dynamics and can create nonclassical light field states in conjunction with the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity. This study on the noise involved in quantum nonlinear dynamics of coupled gain-loss waveguides can help to better understand the quantum noise effects in many nonlinear systems.
A pair of coupled quantum harmonic oscillators, one subject to a gain one to a loss, is a paradigmatic setup to implement PT-symmetric, non-Hermitian Hamiltonians in that one such Hamiltonian governs the mean-field dynamics for equal gain and loss strengths. Through a full quantum description (so as to account for quantum noise) here is shown that when the system starts in any two-mode coherent state, including vacuum, there appear quantum correlations (QCs) without entanglement, as measured by the Gaussian discord. When the loss rate is above a threshold, once generated QCs no more decay. This occurs in a wide region of parameters, significantly larger than that where the full quantum dynamics is stable. For equal gain and loss rates, in particular, QCs decay in the exact phase (including the exceptional point) and are stable in the broken phase.