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IEEE International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC)

Multiuser Secret Key Generation based on Received Signal

Cai Aolin, Liang Jin, Zhong Zhou

Published Dec 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The secret key generation method based on channel characteristic provides a new way for communication security. On the conditions of multiuser and quasi-static fading, Because of the slow channel parameter changing rate, extracting the secret key from channel parameters will result in a low secret key rate. To solve this problem, a multiuser secret key generation method based on the received signal was proposed. By distributing the random signals to different users using block diagonalization (BD) precoding, base station and user can extract the secret key from the received signal of user. The novel method can significantly increase the secret key rate of multiuser under the quasi-static channel and slow fading channel, which is verified by simulations.

DOI
10.1109/compcomm.2018.8780614

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The secret key generation method based on channel characteristic provides a new way for communication security. On the conditions of multiuser and quasi-static fading, Because of the slow channel parameter changing rate, extracting the secret key from channel parameters will result in a low secret key rate. To solve this problem, a multiuser secret key generation method based on the received signal was proposed. By distributing the random signals to different users using block diagonalization (BD) precoding, base station and user can extract the secret key from the received signal of user. The novel method can significantly increase the secret key rate of multiuser under the quasi-static channel and slow fading channel, which is verified by simulations.
The secret key generation method based on channel characteristic provides a new way for communication security.But under the conditions of multiuser and slow fading,because of the slow channel parameter changing rate,using the secret key generation method above can result in a low secret key rate.To solve this problem,a multiuser secret key generation method based on the received signal was proposed.By distributing the random signals to different users using block diagonalization precoding,base station and user can extract the secret key from the received signal.The novel method could significantly increase the secret key rate of multiuser under the quasi-static channel and slow-fading channel,which is verified by simulations.
Extracting secret key from the common randomness of wireless channel has gained significant interest as a mechanism for providing secure point-to-point communications. Current works focus on the methods of exploiting channel characterizations based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), channel phase and Channel Impulse Response (CIR) under different propagation environments. However, when the channel fading is static or quasi-static, the secret key bits derived from the channel may be identical or nearly identical. In this paper, we propose a method to solve this problem in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on random beamforming. Compared with single antenna systems, MIMO systems offer more randomness available. Furthermore we consider the worst scenario where the eavesdropper Eve knows perfect knowledge of the legitimate channel. The quantization error probability at Eve is simulated to assess the security of the proposed method.
Most secret key generation (SKG) methods need channel estimation and provide insufficient performance especially in time division duplex single input single output (TDD-SISO) system and quasi-static channel scenario. This paper proposed a two-way SKG method which can completely avoid channel estimation and achieve higher SKG rate (SKGR). Firstly, the legitimate users mutually send their own random signal via the reciprocal channel. Then, the multiplication of local random signal and the received signal can be used as common randomness to generate keys. The theoretical and practical SKGRs of the three methods, namely wireless channel based, one-way randomness and two-way randomness, are derived and compared. Simulation and estimation results show that the proposed TW method acquires a better performance not only in theory but also in practice, and the practical SKGR of TW method is time-linear which provides a feasible scheme to significantly improve the SKGR for quasi-static channel scenario.
Much attention has recently been paid to methods of shared secret key generation that exploit the random characteristics of the amplitude and phase of a received signal and common channel symmetry in wireless communication systems. Protocols based on the phase of a received signal, due to the uniform distribution phase of fading channel, are suitable in both static and dynamic environments and, they have a key generation rate (KGR) higher than protocols based on received signal strength (RSS).In addition, previous works have generally focused on key generation protocol for single-antenna (SISO) systems but these have not produced a significant KGR. So in this paper to increase the randomness and key generation rate are used received signal phase estimations on multiple-antenna (MIMO) systems because they have the potential to present more random variables in key generation compared to SISO systems. The results of simulation show that the KGR of the proposed protocol is 4 and 9 times more than the KGR of a SISO system, when the numbers of transmitter and receiver antennas are the same and equal to 2 and 3, respectively. Also, the key generation rate will increase considerably, when to extract the secret key bits using multilevel quantization.
Recently, shared secret key generation from wireless channel characteristics has attracted a lot of attention due to its low computational overhead. However, in a static environment, the secret key rate is relatively lower due to the lack of channel time-variation. In this paper, we propose a lightweight and efficient PLKG scheme for static channels. Different from current schemes, in the proposed scheme, the transmitter attaches the information of the secret key into the downlink pilot signals to the legitimate receiver by the proposed secret precoding. At the receiving end, the legitimate receiver can directly observe the correct information of secret key from the public downlink pilot signals, while keeping perfect secrecy of the generated key against eavesdroppers. The key principle lies in that the information of the secret key is coded in the index of the non-activated MIMO (multiple-input-multiple-output) sub-channel. Consequently, only the legitimate receiver can accurately observe the value of the key information. For any other eavesdroppers who suffer an independent channel from the legitimate transmitter and receiver, it is proven that she cannot observe any key information from her received signals. Therefore, the key rate can be improved for the static channels by increasing the symbol rate of the pilot signals. Simulations are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Conventional secret key generation scheme cannot achieve high key generation rate when the channel characteristics change slowly. To solve this problem, a secret key generation model based on the MIMO received signal space is investigated in this paper. In this model, the legitimate transmitter and receiver distill secret keys from the received signal space, and improve the randomness of the received signals by controlling the variance of the transmitted signals, so that the update of the secret key is independent of the time variance of the wireless channel. Then a specific key generation scheme is proposed, in which the legitimate nodes can obtain the same received signal space, from which common vectors can be selected to distill the keys. In addition, an optimal power allocation method to maximize the key rate is presented. The results of the simulation confirm the effectiveness of this scheme.