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In contrast to charge vortices in a superfluid, spin vortices in a ferromagnetic condensate move inertially (if the condensate has zero magnetization along an axis). The mass of spin vortices depends on the spin-dependent interactions, and can be measured as a part of experiments on how

Ari M. Turner

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
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Related papers

Mass of a Spin Vortex in a Bose-Einstein Condensate

Ari M. Turner

In contrast with charge vortices, spin vortices in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic condensate move inertially (if the condensate has zero magnetization along an axis). The Magnus force, which prevents the inertial motion of the charge vortices, cancels for spin vortices, because they are composed of two oppositely rotating vortices. The inertial mass of spin vortices varies inversely with the strength of spin-dependent interactions and directly with the width of the condensate layer, and can be measured as a part of experiments on how spin vortices orbit one another. For Rb87 in a 1 microm thick trap, mv approximately 10(-21) kg.

arXiv:0902.3685•Physical Review Letters•Aug 21, 2009•19 citations

Vortices in Bose—Einstein Condensates

Amandine Aftalion

One of the key issues related to superfluidity is the existence of vortices. In very recent experiments on Bose–Einstein condensates, vortices have been observed by rotating the trap holding the atoms

Progress in nonlinear differential equations and their applications•Jan 1, 2006•160 citations

Spin and mass superfluidity in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

Edouard B Sonin

The paper investigates the coexistence and interplay of spin and mass superfluidity in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. Superfluidity is possible only in the presence of uniaxial anisotropy (linear and quadratic Zeeman effect). This follows from the topology of the order-parameter space (vacuum manifold). According to the Landau criterion, the critical phase gradients, both for mass and spin supercurrents, vanish at the phase transition from the easy-plane to the easy-axis anisotropy. However, mass superfluidity is still possible at the phase transition. This is because the Landau criterion signals instability only with respect to nonsingular vortices with special ratio between circulations of mass and spin currents. Phase slips produced by these vortices are not sufficient for complete decay of supercurrents. Full decay of supercurrents requires phase slips with vortices of another topological class and larger energy. These phase slips are suppressed by energetic barriers up to the upper critical velocity (gradient) exceeding the Landau critical velocity. The upper critical velocity does not vanish nor has any anomaly in the critical point at the phase transition from the easy-plane to the easy-axis anisotropy.

arXiv:1801.01099•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jun 20, 2018•12 citations

Continuous vortices and collective excitations in ferromagnetic spinor Bose–Einstein condensates

Takeshi Mizushima, Kazushige Machida, Takafumi Kita

Physica B Condensed Matter•May 1, 2003•5 citations

Spin-current instability at a magnetic domain wall in a ferromagnetic superfluid: A generation mechanism of eccentric fractional skyrmions

Hiromitsu Takeuchi

Spinful superfluids of ultracold atoms are ideal for investigating the intrinsic properties of spin current and texture because they are realized in an isolated, nondissipative system free from impurities, dislocations, and thermal fluctuations. This study theoretically reveals the impact of spin current on a magnetic domain wall in spinful superfluids. An exact wall solution is obtained in the ferromagnetic phase of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate with easy-axis anisotropy at zero temperature. The bosonic-quasiparticle mechanics analytically show that the spin current along the wall becomes unstable if the velocity exceeds the critical spin-current velocities, leading to complicated situations because of the competition between transverse magnons and ripplons. Our direct numerical simulation reveals that this system has a mechanism to generate an eccentric fractional skyrmion, which has a fractional topological charge, but its texture is not similar to that of a meron. This mechanism is in contrast to the generation of conventional skyrmions in easy-axis magnets. The theoretical findings can be examined in the same situation as in a recent experiment on ultracold atoms. In terms of the universality of spontaneous symmetry breaking, unexplored similar phenomena are expected in different physical systems with the same broken symmetry.

arXiv:2109.07144•Physical Review A•Jan 31, 2022•12 citations

Hydrodynamic model of skyrmions and vorticities in the spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensate in ferromagnetic phase at finite temperatures

Pavel A. Andreev

arXiv:2103.15930•Physica B Condensed Matter•Sep 1, 2024•2 citations
In contrast with charge vortices, spin vortices in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic condensate move inertially (if the condensate has zero magnetization along an axis). The Magnus force, which prevents the inertial motion of the charge vortices, cancels for spin vortices, because they are composed of two oppositely rotating vortices. The inertial mass of spin vortices varies inversely with the strength of spin-dependent interactions and directly with the width of the condensate layer, and can be measured as a part of experiments on how spin vortices orbit one another. For Rb87 in a 1 microm thick trap, mv approximately 10(-21) kg.
The paper investigates the coexistence and interplay of spin and mass superfluidity in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. Superfluidity is possible only in the presence of uniaxial anisotropy (linear and quadratic Zeeman effect). This follows from the topology of the order-parameter space (vacuum manifold). According to the Landau criterion, the critical phase gradients, both for mass and spin supercurrents, vanish at the phase transition from the easy-plane to the easy-axis anisotropy. However, mass superfluidity is still possible at the phase transition. This is because the Landau criterion signals instability only with respect to nonsingular vortices with special ratio between circulations of mass and spin currents. Phase slips produced by these vortices are not sufficient for complete decay of supercurrents. Full decay of supercurrents requires phase slips with vortices of another topological class and larger energy. These phase slips are suppressed by energetic barriers up to the upper critical velocity (gradient) exceeding the Landau critical velocity. The upper critical velocity does not vanish nor has any anomaly in the critical point at the phase transition from the easy-plane to the easy-axis anisotropy.
Spinful superfluids of ultracold atoms are ideal for investigating the intrinsic properties of spin current and texture because they are realized in an isolated, nondissipative system free from impurities, dislocations, and thermal fluctuations. This study theoretically reveals the impact of spin current on a magnetic domain wall in spinful superfluids. An exact wall solution is obtained in the ferromagnetic phase of a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate with easy-axis anisotropy at zero temperature. The bosonic-quasiparticle mechanics analytically show that the spin current along the wall becomes unstable if the velocity exceeds the critical spin-current velocities, leading to complicated situations because of the competition between transverse magnons and ripplons. Our direct numerical simulation reveals that this system has a mechanism to generate an eccentric fractional skyrmion, which has a fractional topological charge, but its texture is not similar to that of a meron. This mechanism is in contrast to the generation of conventional skyrmions in easy-axis magnets. The theoretical findings can be examined in the same situation as in a recent experiment on ultracold atoms. In terms of the universality of spontaneous symmetry breaking, unexplored similar phenomena are expected in different physical systems with the same broken symmetry.