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Quantum mechanics and CPT tests with neutral kaons at the KLOE experiment

I. Balwierz-Pytko, Babusci, D., D. Badoni, Bini, C., C. Bloise, Bossi, F., P. Branchini, G. Bencivenni, Budano, A., Caldeira Balkeståhl, L., Capon, G., Ceradini, F., Ciambrone, P., F. Curciarello, E. Czerwiński, Danè, E., De Leo, V., E. De Lucia, De Robertis, G., A. De Santis, De Simone, P., ANTONIO DI DOMENICO, C. Di Donato, R. Di Salvo, Domenici, D., O. Erriquez, Fanizzi, G., A. Fantini, Felici, G., Salvatore Fiore, Franzini, P., Gajos, A., P. Gauzzi, Giardina, G., S. Giovannella, E. Graziani, Happacher, F., Heijkenskjöld, L., Höistad, B., L. Iafolla, M. Jacewicz, Tord Johansson, Kacprzak, K., A. Kupść, Lee-Franzini, J., B. Leverington, F. Loddo, S. Loffredo, GIUSEPPE MANDAGLIO, Martemianov, M., Martini, M., Mascolo, M., Messi, R., Miscetti, S., Morello, G., D. Moricciani, Paweł Moskal, FEDERICO NGUYEN, Palladino, A., Passeri, A., V. Patera, Prado Longhi, I., Ranieri, A., Redmer, C. F., Santangelo, P., Ivano Sarra, Marco Schioppa, Sciascia, B., Silarski, Michał, Taccini, C., Tortora, L., G. Venanzoni, W. Wiślicki, Wolke, M., Zdebik, Jarosław

Published Jan 1, 2013• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Neutral kaons produced in the correlated pairs at the DAΦNE $\phi$ -factory offer unique possibilities to perform fundamental tests of CPT invariance, as well as of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The analysis of the data collected by the KLOE experiment allows to improve results on several parameters describing CPT violation and decoherence, and to measure the regeneration cross section on the beam pipe materials.

DOI
10.5506/aphyspolbsupp.6.1101

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Neutral kaons produced in the correlated pairs at the DAΦNE ϕ\phiϕ -factory offer unique possibilities to perform fundamental tests of CPT invariance, as well as of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The analysis of the data collected by the KLOE experiment allows to improve results on several parameters describing CPT violation and decoherence, and to measure the regeneration cross section on the beam pipe materials.
The neutral kaon system offers a unique possibility to perform fundamental tests of CPT invariance, as well as of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The most recent limits on several kinds of possible CPT violation and decoherence mechanisms, which in some cases might be justified in a quantum gravity framework, are reviewed, including the latest results obtained by the KLOE experiment at the DAΦNE e + e - collider. No deviation from the expectations of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry is observed, while the precision of the measurements, in some cases, reaches the interesting Planck scale region.
The neutral kaon system offers a unique possibility to perform fundamental tests of CPT invariance, as well as of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The most recent limits obtained by the KLOE experiment at the DAF NE e+e- collider on several kinds of possible CPT violation and decoherence mechanisms, which in some cases might be justified in a quantum gravity framework, are reviewed. No deviation from the expectations of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry is observed, while the precision of the measurements, in some cases, reaches the interesting Planck scale region. Finally, prospects for this kind of experimental studies at KLOE-2 are presented. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence.
The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is studied in the process ϕ→KSKL→π+π−π+π−ϕ\rightarrow K_S K_L \rightarrowπ^+π^-π^+π^-ϕ→KS​KL​→π+π−π+π−, which exhibits the characteristic Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into π+π−π^+π^-π+π− at the same time. This constitutes a very powerful tool for testing at the utmost precision the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state, and to search for tiny decoherence and CPT violation effects, which may be justified in a quantum gravity framework. The analysed data sample was collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦΦΦNE, the Frascati ϕϕϕ-factory, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb−1^{-1}−1, i.e. to about 1.7×1091.7 \times 10^91.7×109 ϕ→KSKLϕ\rightarrow K_S K_Lϕ→KS​KL​ decays produced. From the fit of the observed ΔtΔtΔt distribution, being ΔtΔtΔt the difference of the kaon decay times, the decoherence and CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured with a largely improved accuracy with respect to previous analyses. The results are consistent with no deviation from quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry, while for some parameters the precision reaches the interesting level at which -- in the most optimistic scenarios -- quantum gravity effects might show up. They provide the most stringent limits up to date on the considered models.
Precision tests of quantum mechanics and CPT \mathcal{CPT} CPT symmetry with entangled neutral kaons at KLOE
Abstract The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is studied in the process ϕ → KSKL → π+π−π+π−, which exhibits the characteristic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into π+π− at the same time. This constitutes a very powerful tool for testing at the utmost precision the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state, and to search for tiny decoherence and CPT \mathcal{CPT} CPT CPT violation effects, which may be justified in a quantum gravity framework. The analysed data sample was collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦNE, the Frascati ϕ-factory, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb−1, i.e. to about 1.7 × 109ϕ → KSKL decays produced. From the fit of the observed ∆t distribution, being ∆t the difference of the kaon decay times, the decoherence and CPT \mathcal{CPT} CPT CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured with a largely improved accuracy with respect to previous analyses. The results are consistent with no deviation from quantum mechanics and CPT \mathcal{CPT} CPT CPT symmetry, while for some parameters the precision reaches the interesting level at which — in the most optimistic scenarios — quantum gravity effects might show up. They provide the most stringent limits up to date on the considered models.
The quantum interference between the decays of entangled neutral kaons is a very powerful tool for testing the quantum coherence of the entangled kaon pair state. The studied process ϕ→KSKL→π+π−π+π−\phi\rightarrow K_SK_L\rightarrow\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-ϕ→KS​KL​→π+π−π+π− exhibits the characteristic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations that prevent both kaons to decay into π+π−\pi^+\pi^-π+π− at the same time. The newly published result is based on data sample collected with the KLOE detector at DAΦ\PhiΦNE and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of about 1.7 fb−1^{-1}−1 , i.e. to ∼\sim∼ 1.7 ×\times× 109^99 ϕ→KSKL\phi\rightarrow K_SK_Lϕ→KS​KL​ decays. From the fit to the observed time difference distribution of the two kaon decays, the decoherence and CPT violation parameters of various phenomenological models are measured. A stringent upper limit on the branching ratio of the ϕ→KSKS,KLKL\phi \rightarrow K_S K_S , K_L K_Lϕ→KS​KS​,KL​KL​ decay is also derived. Independently, the comparison of neutral meson transition rates between flavour and CP eigenstates allows direct and model independent tests of time-reversal T and CPT symmetries to be conducted, through ratios of rates of two classes of processes: KSKL→(π±e∓ν)(3π0)K_S K_L \to (\pi^{\pm}e^{\mp}\nu)(3\pi^0)KS​KL​→(π±e∓ν)(3π0) and KSKL→(π+π−)(π±e∓ν)K_S K_L \to (\pi^{+}\pi^{-})(\pi^{\pm}e^{\mp}\nu)KS​KL​→(π+π−)(π±e∓ν). In addition to this a straightforward extension to the case of CPT symmetry is performed providing the first model independent test of CPT symmetry violation in transitions of neutral kaons.
The quantum interference between entangled neutral kaons from decays ϕ(1020)→KLKS→(π+π−)(π+π−)\phi(1020)\rightarrow K_L K_S\rightarrow (\pi^+\pi^-)(\pi^+\pi^-)ϕ(1020)→KL​KS​→(π+π−)(π+π−) was measured in the KLOE detector at the DAΦ\PhiΦNE electron-positron collider. The shape of the interference pattern exhibits very high sensitivity to possible decoherence of kaons and violation of the fundamental CPT\mathcal {CPT}CPT symmetry. This pattern was analyzed in the Δt\Delta tΔt variable, being the difference of times of kaon decays, using 1.7×1091.7 \times 10^91.7×109 decays of ϕ0→KLKS\phi^0\rightarrow K_LK_Sϕ0→KL​KS​ \cite{kloe2022}. Fits of models of decoherence and CPT\mathcal{CPT}CPT violation significantly improve the accuracy of their parameters with respect to earlier measurements \cite{kloe2006}.