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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

1/f Noise of Josephson Tunnel Junction Embedded Microwave Resonators at Single Photon Energies and Millikelvin Temperatures

Irfan A. Siddiqi, Kater W. Murch, Steven J. Weber, Eli M. Levenson-Falk, Rajamani Vijay

Published Mar 2, 2012• 0 citations
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We present measurements of 1/f frequency noise in both linear and Josephson-junction-embedded superconducting aluminum resonators in the low power, low temperature regime—typical operating conditions for superconducting qubits. The addition of the Josephson junction does not result in additional frequency noise, thereby placing an upper limit for fractional critical current fluctuations of 1×10−8 (1/Hz) at 1 Hz for sub-micron, shadow evaporated junctions. These values imply a minimum dephasing time for a superconducting qubit due to critical current noise of 40–1400 μs depending on qubit architecture. Occasionally, at temperatures above 50 mK, we observe the activation of individual fluctuators which increase the level of noise significantly and exhibit Lorentzian spectra.
The escape of a current-biased Josephson tunnel junction from the zero-voltage state in the presence of weak microwave radiation is investigated experimentally at low temperatures. The measurements of the junction switching current distribution indicate the macroscopic quantum tunneling of the phase below a crossover temperature of T small star, filled approximately 280 mK. At temperatures below T small star, filled we observe both single-photon and multiphoton transitions between the junction energy levels by applying microwave radiation in the frequency range between 10 and 38 GHz to the junction. These observations reflect the anharmonicity of the junction potential containing only a small number of levels.
Elastic scattering is one of the useful methods to control the transmission behaviors of microwave photons transporting in microwave quantum networks without energy consumption. Therefore, it is of practical significance for developing microwave quantum devices and constructing multi-node microwave quantum networks. The transmission line embedded by a single Josephson junction can be described by different circuit models (series and parallel). In this work, we first theoretically analyze the transmission characteristics of microwave photons scattered by different elastic scattering models described by series or parallel embedding models, generated by a single LC loop or a nonlinear Josephson junction device, respectively. The classical microwave transport theory predicts that the series LC loop and the parallel LC loop lead to different elastic scattering behaviors of microwave photons, i.e. the series LC circuit yields the resonant reflection and the parallel LC circuit leads alternatively to the resonant transmission. Recently, the transport properties of microwave photons scattered by a Josephson junction embedded in a transmission line have been discussed, and the results suggested that the Josephson junction embedded in the transmission line can be described by a series embedding circuit, which implies the resonant reflection. We argue here that if the Josephson junction is embedded in parallel in the transmission line, the elastically scattered microwave photons should be transmitted by resonant transmission. In order to test which of the above two different embedding circuit models yielding the completely different elastic scattering behaviors, is physically correct, we then fabricate such a device, i.e. a single Joseph junction device embedded in a transmission line, and measure its elastic scattering transmission coefficient at an extremely low temperature. The results are consistent with the expected effect of the parallel embedding circuit model, but inconsistent with the behaviors predicted by the series embedding circuit model in the literature. According to the above theoretical and experimental analyses of the elastic scattering of a single Josephson junction device, we further propose a scheme to control the elastic scattering behavior of microwave photons by modulating a DC superconducting quantum interference device with a bypass current, which can be applied to the construction of a microwave quantum network based on elastic scattering node controls.