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Generation and characterization of high-purity, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths from pp-KTP

Thomas Gerrits, Martin J. Stevens, Burm Baek, Brice Calkins, Adriana E. Lita, Scott Glancy, Emanuel H. Knill, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin, Robert H. Hadfield, Ryan S. Bennink, Warren P. Grice, Sander N. Dorenbos, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, Val Zwiller

Published Aug 3, 2011• 0 citations
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Generation and characterization of high-purity, pulsed squeezed light at telecom wavelengths from pp-KTP | NIST

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We characterize a pp-KTP crystal designed to produce pure single mode squeezed vacuum at 1570 nm. Measurements show Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with 97% visibility and a circular joint spectral distribution with a Schmidt number of 1.08.

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Mastering quantum light pulses with nonlinear waveguide interactions

A. Eckstein

Ultrafast quantum light pulses with durations of 1ps and below show great promise as information carriers in quantum communication and computation. In future they may also be used to probe physical processes at ultrashort timescales with a resolution beyond the limits of Heisenberg uncertainty. This thesis focuses on the creation and manipulation of quantum light pulses with second order nonlinear optical processes in optical waveguides. In chapter 1. Introduction, we lead the reader towards this work's topic by giving a brief qualitative overview over the EPR paradox, quantum entanglement, three-wave-mixing and quantum light pulses. Chapter 2. Basic concepts familiarizes the reader with the physical concepts and mathematical tools underlying this thesis. In chapter 3. Spectral engineering, we discuss the requirements to produce separable photon pair states with group velocity matching and examine several nonlinear materials widely used for optical waveguide inscription for their suitability to group velocity matching in the telecom wavelength regime. In chapter 4. A PP-KTP waveguide as parametric downconversion source, we give the basic spontaneous parametric downconversion source setup, as well as some initial measurements to characterize the single photon detectors, to demonstrate the production of correlated photons, and to determine the phasematching properties of the PP-KTP source. In the following chapter, 5. Fiber spectrometer, we present the single-photon fiber spectrometer. We discuss the experimental setup and calibration of the device, and measure the joint spectrum of photon pairs from our PP-KTP source. Finally, we investigate the behavior of a joint spectrum measurement of a high mean photon number source with binary detectors. In 6. Two-mode squeezed vacuum source, we characterize spectral correlations of an ultrafast SPDC source with the second order correlation function g². We present the g² measurement results and show that we can control the spectral correlations to produce a two-mode squeezed vacuum state of light. We then determine the mean photon number and gain of the source. 7. Quantum pulse gate: While the previous chapters focus on the creation and characterization of ultrafast quantum pulses of light, we now propose a way to manipulate the mode structure of a given quantum light state. We discuss the concept of an active optical filter sensitive to spectral/temporal pulse shape: The quantum pulse gate. In the final chapter 8. Conclusion and outlook, we recapitulate the main results of this thesis and provide a few pointers towards possibilities for future research building on it.

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Highly Efficient Single-Pass Source of Pulsed Single-Mode Twin Beams of Light

A. Eckstein, Andreas Christ, Peter J. Mosley +1 more

We report the realization of a bright ultrafast type II parametric down-conversion source of twin beams free of any spatiotemporal correlations in a periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PP-KTP) waveguide. From a robust, single-pass setup it emits pulsed two-mode squeezed vacuum states: photon-number entangled pairs of single-mode pulses or, in terms of continuous variables quantum optics, pulsed Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states in the telecom wavelength regime. We verify the single-mode character of our source by measuring Glauber correlation functions g(2) and demonstrate with a pump energy as low as 75 pJ per pump pulse a mean photon number of 2.5.

arXiv:1006.5667•Physical Review Letters•Jan 7, 2011•234 citations
Ultrafast quantum light pulses with durations of 1ps and below show great promise as information carriers in quantum communication and computation. In future they may also be used to probe physical processes at ultrashort timescales with a resolution beyond the limits of Heisenberg uncertainty. This thesis focuses on the creation and manipulation of quantum light pulses with second order nonlinear optical processes in optical waveguides. In chapter 1. Introduction, we lead the reader towards this work's topic by giving a brief qualitative overview over the EPR paradox, quantum entanglement, three-wave-mixing and quantum light pulses. Chapter 2. Basic concepts familiarizes the reader with the physical concepts and mathematical tools underlying this thesis. In chapter 3. Spectral engineering, we discuss the requirements to produce separable photon pair states with group velocity matching and examine several nonlinear materials widely used for optical waveguide inscription for their suitability to group velocity matching in the telecom wavelength regime. In chapter 4. A PP-KTP waveguide as parametric downconversion source, we give the basic spontaneous parametric downconversion source setup, as well as some initial measurements to characterize the single photon detectors, to demonstrate the production of correlated photons, and to determine the phasematching properties of the PP-KTP source. In the following chapter, 5. Fiber spectrometer, we present the single-photon fiber spectrometer. We discuss the experimental setup and calibration of the device, and measure the joint spectrum of photon pairs from our PP-KTP source. Finally, we investigate the behavior of a joint spectrum measurement of a high mean photon number source with binary detectors. In 6. Two-mode squeezed vacuum source, we characterize spectral correlations of an ultrafast SPDC source with the second order correlation function g². We present the g² measurement results and show that we can control the spectral correlations to produce a two-mode squeezed vacuum state of light. We then determine the mean photon number and gain of the source. 7. Quantum pulse gate: While the previous chapters focus on the creation and characterization of ultrafast quantum pulses of light, we now propose a way to manipulate the mode structure of a given quantum light state. We discuss the concept of an active optical filter sensitive to spectral/temporal pulse shape: The quantum pulse gate. In the final chapter 8. Conclusion and outlook, we recapitulate the main results of this thesis and provide a few pointers towards possibilities for future research building on it.
We report the realization of a bright ultrafast type II parametric down-conversion source of twin beams free of any spatiotemporal correlations in a periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PP-KTP) waveguide. From a robust, single-pass setup it emits pulsed two-mode squeezed vacuum states: photon-number entangled pairs of single-mode pulses or, in terms of continuous variables quantum optics, pulsed Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states in the telecom wavelength regime. We verify the single-mode character of our source by measuring Glauber correlation functions g(2) and demonstrate with a pump energy as low as 75 pJ per pump pulse a mean photon number of 2.5.