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OSA Advanced Photonics Congress

A long-term secure data transmission and storage network based on quantum key distribution

Akihisa Tomita

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Integration of secret sharing and Quantum key distribution is proposed to provide network functions of transmission, storage, and processing, which guarantees long term security to be a infrastructures supporting high-quality, efficient and safe society.
DOI
10.1364/sppcom.2019.qtw3e.3

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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technology for distributing cryptographic keys between two communication parties based on the quantum physics for the secure communication. A trusted nodebased key relay technique is integrated with QKD to overcome the technical limitations of QKD and to enable key distribution between two arbitrary communication parties in the trusted node network, which we refer to as the QKD network. In addition, secret sharing technology has been integrated with the QKD network to realize secure data storage and secure data communication, which we call a quantum secure cloud. This paper presents the development and evaluation of the proof-of-concept (PoC) system for the QKD network and quantum secure cloud, specially applied to the genome medicine domain. The PoC system was developed at Tohoku University and Toshiba sites to address the “cancer clinical sequencing” use-case. We evaluated three practical scenarios with the PoC system: (1) real-time transmission of genome analysis data, (2) “expert panel”, an online video conference for medical experts' discussion, and (3) distributed backup of genome analysis data. To support these scenarios, we developed three new functions: (1) a function for monitoring output data and pipeline processing of data encryption/decryption and transmission for secure large-scale data transfer, (2) a key management system function to achieve both large-scale data transmission and low-latency data communication, and (3) a function for preemptive key data reading and direct access to storage devices to enable high-speed data transmission and distributed data backup using a secret sharing scheme. These scenarios and functions were evaluated and demonstrated using real or simulated genome data. The evaluation results reveal that QKD network and quantum secure cloud technologies can be applied to cancer clinical sequencing as a use-case of the genome medicine domain.
The quantum key distribution (QKD) network with Vernam's one-time pad encryption and secret sharing are powerful security tools to realize an information theoretically secure (ITS) distributed storage system. In the work of Fujiwaraet al., a single-password-authenticated secret sharing (SPSS) scheme based on the QKD network and Shamirs secret sharing was experimentally demonstrated; it confirmed ITS data transmission, storage, authentication, and integrity. To achieve data integrity, an ITS message authentication code (MAC) tag is employed, and a data owner of the secret sharing performs both the MAC tag generation and verification. However, for a scenario in which the data owner and end users are different entities, the above approach may not work, since the data owner can cheat the end users. In this article, we resolve this problem by proposing an ITS integrity protection scheme employing a third-party verification with time-stamp. The ITS integrity protection is realized by two steps: integrity check by the data owner at data reconstruction and data integrity certification by the data owner, the end user, and the third-party verifier using a MAC based on universal2hash function and random number provided from the QKD network. In addition to introducing the third-party verifier, we institute “a trusted calculator,” which computes shares of the data and MAC tags and sends MAC tags to the third-party verifier. The random number used in calculation is stored in the trusted calculator. We implement this scheme on the SPSS system installed in the Tokyo QKD Network.
In a society based on the continuous exchange of sensitive data and information, the importance of secure and trustful communications is essential. Quantum key distribution (QKD) makes it possible to share data in an unconditionally secure way exploiting the basic principles of Quantum Mechanics [1]. During the last 30 years, many QKD protocols have been developed and tested, achieving long distance transmission [2] and secret key rates up to hundreds of Mbits per second [3]. However, this technology is still far from a large-scale deployment in existing fiber networks and telecom infrastructures, due to multiple factors: low secret-key rate, limited distance between users, lack of applications, high costs and high requirements in terms of low noise fiber links.