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AIP conference proceedings

Experimental Purification of Single Qubits

Marco Ricci

Published Jan 1, 2004• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the first experimental realization of the single qubits purification protocol for two copies of a qubit sent through a depolarizing channel. The purification of the polarization‐encoded photonic qubits is achieved with passive linear optical elements. Our experimental results suggest that the present approach may represent a viable alternative to quantum error correction or entanglement distillation.

DOI
10.1063/1.1834402

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We report on the first experimental realization of the single qubits purification protocol for two copies of a qubit sent through a depolarizing channel. The purification of the polarization‐encoded photonic qubits is achieved with passive linear optical elements. Our experimental results suggest that the present approach may represent a viable alternative to quantum error correction or entanglement distillation.
Abstract We report on the first experimental realization of the single qubits purification protocol [J. I. Cirac, A. K. Ekert, and C. Macchiavello, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4344 (1999)] for two copies of a qubit sent through a depolarizing channel. The purification of the polarization‐encoded photonic qubits is achieved with passive linear optical elements. Our experimental results suggest that the present approach may represent a viable alternative to quantum error correction or entanglement distillation.
Entanglement distillation, a fundamental building block of quantum networks, enables the purification of noisy entangled states shared among distant nodes by local operations and classical communication. Its practical realization presents several technical challenges, including the storage of quantum states in quantum memory and the execution of coherent quantum operations on multiple copies of states within the quantum memory. In this work, we present an entanglement purification protocol via quantum communication, namely a carrier-assisted entanglement purification protocol, which utilizes two elements only: i) quantum memory for a single-copy entangled state shared by parties and ii) single qubits travelling between parties. We show that the protocol, when single-qubit transmission is noiseless, can purify a noisy entangled state shared by parties. When single-qubit transmission is noisy, the purification relies on types of noisy qubit channels; we characterize Pauli channels such that the protocol works for the purification. We address this limitation by using multiple carrier qubits, and show that for any non-entanglement-breaking Pauli channel, the protocol's fixed-point fidelity approaches unity as the number of carriers increases. Our results significantly reduce the experimental overhead required for distilling entanglement: the practical advantage is demonstrated through parameters directly related to the capability of entanglement purification, such as noise in quantum memory, local measurements, channel use, and entanglement fidelity. We envisage that the protocol would make long-distance pure entanglement closer to a practical realization.