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Physical Review C

Influence of dynamical Pauli effect and dynamical symmetry breaking on quantum chaos

Ming‐Tsung Lee, Wei-Min Zhang, Cheng-Li Wu

Published Feb 1, 1998• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study the influence of quantum effects on chaotic dynamics, especially the influence of the Pauli effect and dynamical symmetry breaking on chaotic motions. We apply the semiquantal theory to the Sp(6) fermion symmetry model in nuclear collective motion. We demonstrate that quantum chaos appears when dynamical symmetry is broken. We further show that the dynamical Pauli effect enhances quantum chaos.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.57.637

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In this paper, we study the influence of quantum effects on chaotic dynamics, especially the influence of the Pauli effect and dynamical symmetry breaking on chaotic motions. We apply the semiquantal theory to the Sp(6) fermion symmetry model in nuclear collective motion. We demonstrate that quantum chaos appears when dynamical symmetry is broken. We further show that the dynamical Pauli effect enhances quantum chaos.
It is known that the development and deep understanding of modern interaction theory and classical mechanics are made through geometry and symmetry. Yet, quantum mechanics which was regarded to be the microscopic theory of classical mechanics and achieved the crowning success in interpreting the entire microscopic world was developed purely from algebraic methods. In this thesis, we will study the geometry and dynamical symmetry in quantum systems, from which the question of integrability and chaos are explicitly addressed. First of all, the quantum dynamical degrees of freedom and quantum integrability are precisely defined and the inherent geometrical structure of quantum systems is explored from the fundamental structure of quantum theory. Such a geometrical structure can provide a framework to simultaneously build quantum and classical mechanics. The quantum-classical correspondence is then explicitly deduced. The dynamics of quantum system before it reaches the classical limit is formulated. Thus, the classical chaos is proven to be a special limiting phenomena of quantum systems and the dynamics before the system reaches its classical chaos is explored. The latter is the first step to seek the quantum manifestation of chaos. The relationship between integrability and dynamical symmetry are studied and some universal properties are discovered: a dynamical system (both quantum and classical) is integrable if it possesses a dynamical symmetry. Chaos will occur if the system undergoes a dynamical symmetry breaking and is accompanied by a structural phase transition. Thus, the concept of dynamical symmetry can be used to predict the general behaviors of a system. The theoretical underpinnings developed in this thesis are verified by many basic quantum mechanical examples. In the second part, we have applied the theory to construct the geometrical description for fermionic systems and then use this general formulation to study the geometrical properties, integrability and chaos in nuclear collective motions. The study of geometry for the fermion systems clearly show how the pure quantum properties (e.g. Pauli principle) are exhibited in geometry and how these geometrical manifestations can interpret experimental facts in nuclear collective motion (e.g. the satiation of nuclear deformation and narrow oblate window). The dynamical symmetry and dynamical symmetry breaking in nuclear collective motion are extensively studied.
In this paper, the dynamical symmetry concept is used to investigate the quantum integrability of nuclear many-body systems. It is found that such systems are generally nonintegrable due to the complicated inherent interactions. In fact, in certain regions of the intrinsic parameters, the time-dependent mean-field solution can be chaotic. However, when subdynamical symmetries, e.g., certain excitation modes, dominate, the corresponding dynamics will be rendered regular, thus signaling that the nuclear many-body system is not fully chaotic. Chaotic behavior emerges in the transitional region between the excitation modes where subdynamical symmetries are broken and accompanied by structural phase transitions.
In this Letter, we describe the connection between the classical concepts of nonintegrability and chaos and the quantum concept of dynamical symmetry breaking. The existence of unbroken dynamical symmetry implies integrability of the mean-field motion in a quantum phase space, defined as a symplectic coherent-state parametrization of the coset space of the overall dynamical group. Broken dynamical symmetry leads to nonintegrability, and thus chaotic solutions to Hamilton's equations in the quantum phase space. We illustrate the general ideas with results obtained for a model of two coupled spins.
The influence of quantum chaos on small atomic systems is reviewed. It now seems clear that chaos in the usually understood sense (e.g. exponential sensitivity to perturbations) is not found in isolated quantum systems. However, there are phenomena which appear only when the corresponding classical system is chaotic. The stability of the classical dynamics, in other words whether it is regular or chaotic, has a profound effect on the character of the corresponding quantum spectrum and wavefunctions.
Dynamical symmetry and squeezing effect have been investigated in a classically chaotic quantum system [M. Ku\ifmmode \acute{s}\else \'{s}\fi{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1343 (1985)] when it is restricted to the following initial condition: the atom in its SU(2) coherent state and the field in the vacuum state. In the regime of classically regular motion, dynamical symmetry and squeezing effects have been exposed under proper choice of the atomic coherent state; but, in that of classically chaotic motion, the symmetry is destroyed thoroughly and the squeezing effect disappears. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.