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International Conference on Quantum Information

Experimental Quantum State Tomography of a Solid State Qubit

Andreas Walther, Lars Rippe, Brian Julsgaard, Stefan Kröll

Published Jan 1, 2008• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An ensemble of Pr3+ ions is prepared inside a zero-absorption spectral hole, to act as a qubit. Quantum state tomography with robust pulses, to compensate for inhomogeneities, is demonstrated with >90% fidelity.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2008.qwb3

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Solid state quantum computer hardware may be based on rare-earth-ion-doped crystals. The qubits can be encoded as nuclear spin states of an ensemble of, e.g., Pr3+ ions, randomly doped into a Y2SiO5 crystal. Two such qubits can control each other through the dipole blockade effect, and transfers between the two qubit states can be done at a high fidelity, despite the strongly inhomogeneous nature of the ensemble approach. In this paper full control over the qubit Bloch sphere is demonstrated, by performing arbitrary qubit rotations and characterizing the outcomes using quantum state tomography.
Quantum-state tomography is used to characterize the state of an ensemble based qubit implemented through two hyperfine levels in Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ ions, doped into a Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}Y2​SiO5​ crystal. We experimentally verify that single-qubit rotation errors due to inhomogeneities of the ensemble can be suppressed using the Roos-M\o{}lmer dark-state scheme [Roos and M\o{}lmer, Phys. Rev. A 69, 022321 (2004)] Fidelities above >90>90%>90, presumably limited by excited state decoherence, were achieved. Although not explicitly taken care of in the Roos-M\o{}lmer scheme, it appears that also decoherence due to inhomogeneous broadening on the hyperfine transition is largely suppressed.
We report on the implementation of quantum state tomography for an ensemble of Eu3+{\text{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+ dopant ions in a Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\text{SiO}}_{5}Y2​SiO5​ crystal. The tomography was applied to a qubit based on one of the ions' optical transitions. The qubit was manipulated using optical pulses and measurements were made by observing the optical free induction in a phase sensitive manner. Fidelities of >90>90%>90 for the combined preparation and measurement process were achieved. Interactions between the ions due to the change in the ions' permanent electric dipole moment when excited optically were also measured. In light of these results, the ability to do multiqubit quantum computation using this system is discussed.
We report on the implementation of quantum state tomography for an ensemble of Eu3+^{3+}3+ dopant ions in a Y2_22​SiO5_55​ crystal. The tomography was applied to a qubit based on one of the ion's optical transitions. The qubit was manipulated using optical pulses and measurements were made by observing the optical free induction in a phase sensitive manner. Fidelities of >90>90>90% for the combined preparation and measurement process were achieved. Interactions between the ions due to the change in the ions' permanent electric dipole moment when excited optically were also measured. In light of these results, the ability to do multi-qubit quantum computation using this system is discussed.