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Physical Communication

Secrecy outage in a two-hop decode and forward relay network with accumulated harvested energy

Shashibhushan Sharma, Sanjay Dhar Roy, Sumit Kundu

Published Jul 24, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.phycom.2019.100792

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•Mar 1, 2023•0 citations
Security of confidential data at the physical layer has been analysed in a network where the source sends the confidential data to the destination via multiple energy harvesting decode and forward relays in the presence of a single eavesdropper (EAV). In this two‐hop communication, the first hop is broadcasting hop when the source sends the information signal to relay and other is the relaying hop when a selected relay forwards the information signal as well as transmits a jamming signal to destination and EAV. Each relay has the two batteries; one for accumulating the harvested energy and the other for power supply to relays for relay operation over a number of frames until the accumulated harvested energy becomes sufficient. In the broadcasting hop, relays harvest energy using a power splitting ratio scheme and accumulate the harvested energy in the battery over a number of communication frames. The performance is analysed in the form of secrecy outage probability (SOP) when the relay uses only the harvested energy to forward the signal. A closed‐form analytical expression for the SOP is derived. MATLAB‐based simulation results match well with the analytical results.
In this paper, we have studied the accumulation of harvested energy, at decode and forward (DF) relays over several frames, which is used by the relays to forward the signal in a particular frame in presence of a passive eavesdropper. The source broadcasts the information signal to DF relays in the broadcasting phase. Each relay is assisted with two omnidirectional antennas, while the source and the destination is assisted with a single omnidirectional antenna. The selected relay uses the signal received from one antenna to harvest energy, while it uses the received signal from another antenna to decode the message. At the relay, the harvested energy in each frame of communication might not be sufficient to forward the signal, which requires accumulation of energy. The accumulated energy over several frames becomes sufficient to forward the signal to the destination in a particular frame through a single antenna in the relaying phase, while the eavesdropper tries to eavesdrop the relayed information signal. We evaluate the secrecy outage probability in the proposed network to secure the information signal at the physical layer when the selected relay transmits using accumulated harvested energy. The secrecy performance increases with an increase in transmit power of the source, and the number of the frames used for energy accumulation. A closed-form expression on secrecy outage probability under accumulation of harvested energy is developed which is verified by MATLAB based simulation.
In this paper, we analyze (for the first time in literature) the secrecy performance of a two-hop cooperative network in which all the nodes are of the energy-harvesting self-sustaining type. Both source and relay harvest energy from a power beacon (PB) and employ the harvest-use (HU) architecture. We consider optimal combining of the direct and relayed signals at the destination and eavesdropper. We do not assume any channel state information (CSI) at the source. We derive an approximate closed-form expression for secrecy outage probability assuming selective decode-and-forward (SDF) protocol at the relay. We demonstrate that secrecy outage is a convex function of the transmit power of PB. Further, the security-reliability trade-off (SRT) is analyzed to highlight the trade-off between outage and intercept probability. Computer simulations validate the derived analytical expressions