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Unified Theory of Wave-Particle Duality and the Schr\"odinger Equations

Greyson Gilson

Published Mar 10, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Individual quantum objects display inseparable coexisting wave-like properties and particle-like properties; such inseparable coexistence can seem paradoxical and mind-boggling. The apparent paradox is resolved by the unified theory of wave-particle duality developed in this paper. Based on the unified theory of wave-particle duality, a straightforward derivation of the Schrodinger equations is presented where previously no such derivation was considered to be possible. A new theory of quantum diffraction is subsequently developed.

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Unified Theory of Wave-Particle Duality, the Schrödinger Equations, and Quantum Diffraction

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Individual quantum objects display inseparable coexisting wave-like properties and particle-like properties; such inseparable coexistence can seem paradoxical and mind-boggling. The apparent paradox is resolved by the unified theory of wave-particle duality developed in this paper. Based on the unified theory of wave-particle duality, a straightforward derivation of the Schrödinger equations is presented where previously no such derivation was considered to be possible. A new theory of quantum diffraction is subsequently developed.

arXiv:1103.1922•Mar 10, 2011•2 citations

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The theory of the Relativistic Schrodinger Equations can be extended to many-particle systems and yields a local-realistic explanation of the well-known paradoxes of conventional quantum mechanics (i.e. Bohm-Aharonov effect and double-slit experiment). Within the new framework, it becomes obvious that the particle-wave duality does apply in the same way to both the elementary objects (e.g. electrons) and to arbitrarily complex material systems (e.g. nucleons, heavy atoms, molecules etc.).

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Modelling Wave-Particle Duality of Classical Particles and Waves

Chen Yang, S. Olutunde Oyadiji

Abstract Wave-particle duality is the fundamental phenomenon of particles and fields in quantum mechanics. In the past, the trajectory-like (particle-like) behaviour and wave-like behaviour has been considered separately. In this article, a superimposed model is derived to characterise wave-particle duality of classical particles. The superimposed model reflects an invariant mathematical structure (analogous variables and differential equations) from classical mechanics, classical field theories and quantum mechanics. Its analytical solution carries trajectory-like property (phase-independent) and wave-like property (phase-dependent) of particles that is consistent with to Schrodinger’s picture. Subsequently, the presented model is applied to model duality of classical waves in electromagnetism, acoustics and elasticity. The analysis implies the existence of quantum effects of classical waves at macroscopic scale. It predicts quantum picture on energy and momentum exchange between classical particles and waves. As seen in the model, wave-particle duality reflects inherent and indispensable characteristics of classical objects.

•May 6, 2021•0 citations
Individual quantum objects display inseparable coexisting wave-like properties and particle-like properties; such inseparable coexistence can seem paradoxical and mind-boggling. The apparent paradox is resolved by the unified theory of wave-particle duality developed in this paper. Based on the unified theory of wave-particle duality, a straightforward derivation of the Schrodinger equations is presented where previously no such derivation was considered to be possible. A new theory of quantum diffraction is subsequently developed.
Individual quantum objects display inseparable coexisting wave-like properties and particle-like properties; such inseparable coexistence can seem paradoxical and mind-boggling. The apparent paradox is resolved by the unified theory of wave-particle duality developed in this paper. Based on the unified theory of wave-particle duality, a straightforward derivation of the Schrödinger equations is presented where previously no such derivation was considered to be possible. A new theory of quantum diffraction is subsequently developed.
The simplest but deepest questions of the philosophy of quantum mechanics are these: Are quantum systems waves, or are they particles? Are they both or are they neither? When light bounces an electron out of the surface of an alkali metal it behaves like a particle. Light carries momentum but also a punch. Just as there is no such thing as half a punch, so there is no such thing as half a quantum of light. On the other hand, the shadow formed on a screen by an object has soft edges, edges which get softer as the object is moved away from the screen. Light exhibits the phenomena of diffraction and interference and so is wavelike. This dual behaviour of light, and indeed of matter itself, is called wave-particle duality. The wave nature of a quantum system is reflected in wave mechanics which assigns a wave-function to the system. But the dual nature of light was noticed before Schrodinger developed the wave-mechanical formalism in 1926. In fact, it goes back at least as far as Einsteins explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905. Wave-particle duality is not something that arises within the quantum mechanical formalism. It is something which is expressed within it, and is something which is best discussed in terms of the paradoxes that quantum experiments force upon physics. In fact, the simplest and most immediately disturbing of the quantummechanical paradoxes arise out of wave-particle duality. We take the two-slit experiment and the delayed-choice experiment as examples.
The wave-particle duality is a fundamental property of the nature. At the same time, it is one of the greatest mysteries of modern physics. This gave rise to a whole direction in quantum physics - the interpretation of quantum mechanics. The Wiener experiments demonstrating the wave-particle duality of light are discussed. It is shown that almost all interpretations of quantum mechanics allow explaining the double-slit experiments, but are powerless to explain the Wiener experiments. The reason of the paradox, associated with the wave-particle duality is analyzed. The quantum theory consists of two independent parts: (i) the dynamic equations describing the behavior of a quantum object (for example, the Schrodinger or Maxwell equations), and (ii) the Born’s rule, the relation between the wave function and the probability of finding the particle at a given point. It is shown that precisely the Born’s rule results in paradox in explaining the wave-particle duality. In order to eliminate this paradox, we propose a new rational interpretation of the wave-particle duality and associated new rule, connecting the corpuscular and wave properties of quantum objects. It is shown that this new rational interpretation of the wave-particle duality allows using the classic images of particle and wave in explaining the quantum mechanical and optical phenomena, does not result in paradox in explaining the doubleslit experiments and Wiener experiments, and does not contradict to the modern quantum mechanical concepts. It is shown that the Born’s rule follows immediately from proposed new rules as an approximation.
Various dualities are summarized. Based on the universal wave-particle duality, along an opposite direction of the developed quantum mechanics, we use a method where the wave quantities frequency and wave length are replaced on various mechanical equations, and may be derive some new results. It is called the mechanical wave theory. From this we derive new operators which represent more physical quantities. Further, we propose some nonlinear equations and their solutions, which may be probably applied to quantum theory.
Abstract Wave-particle duality is the fundamental phenomenon of particles and fields in quantum mechanics. In the past, the trajectory-like (particle-like) behaviour and wave-like behaviour has been considered separately. In this article, a superimposed model is derived to characterise wave-particle duality of classical particles. The superimposed model reflects an invariant mathematical structure (analogous variables and differential equations) from classical mechanics, classical field theories and quantum mechanics. Its analytical solution carries trajectory-like property (phase-independent) and wave-like property (phase-dependent) of particles that is consistent with to Schrodinger’s picture. Subsequently, the presented model is applied to model duality of classical waves in electromagnetism, acoustics and elasticity. The analysis implies the existence of quantum effects of classical waves at macroscopic scale. It predicts quantum picture on energy and momentum exchange between classical particles and waves. As seen in the model, wave-particle duality reflects inherent and indispensable characteristics of classical objects.