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Advances in atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Engineered Open Systems and Quantum Simulations with Atoms and Ions

Markus Müller, Sebastian Diehl, Guido Pupillo, P. Zoller

Published Jan 1, 2012• 314 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/b978-0-12-396482-3.00001-6

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The enormous experimental progress in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics during the last decades allows us nowadays to isolate single, a few or even many-body ensembles of microscopic particles, and to manipulate their quantum properties at a level of precision, which still seemed unthinkable some years ago. This versatile set of tools has enabled the development of the well-established concept of engineering of many-body Hamiltonians in various physical platforms. These available tools, however, can also be harnessed to extend the scenario of Hamiltonian engineering to a more general Liouvillian setting, which in addition to coherent dynamics also includes controlled dissipation in many-body quantum systems. Here, we review recent theoretical and experimental progress in different directions along these lines, with a particular focus on physical realizations with systems of atoms and ions. This comprises digital quantum simulations in a general open system setting, as well as engineering and understanding new classes of systems far away from thermodynamic equilibrium.

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Quantum simulation of open quantum systems offers a pathway towards better understanding various non-equilibrium physics that would otherwise be challenging to study. While most open quantum systems studied are modeled as being memory-less (obeying the Markov approximation), real baths generally are influenced by the system-bath interaction, and some systems existing in structured non-Markovian environments can display novel behavior as a result. Here we utilize a trapped ion quantum simulator to simulate a single spin-$1/2$ driven-dissipative system with a non-Markovian dissipation channel, and experimentally compare steady-states to those from an analogous Markovian bath. We observe that a non-Markovian dissipative channel can shift the steady-state even for a single qubit, to a regime inaccessible for Markovian dissipation. The techniques used here are compatible with many-body extensions of the model, which can not be simulated efficiently on a classical computer in general. Our work also opens up new possibilities in quantum reservoir engineering beyond the Markovian regime.

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We will focus here in particular on the engineering the open system dynamics of many particles by a controlled coupling to an environment. We will discuss both the basic theoretical concepts as well as their physical implementation with cold Rydberg atoms and ions.We conclude with an outlook on prospects of quantum information processing of hybrid atomic solid state systems, in particular the coupling of cold atomic clouds to nanomechancial oscillators.

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The enormous experimental progress in atomic, molecular and optical (AMO) physics during the last decades allows us nowadays to isolate single, a few or even many-body ensembles of microscopic particles, and to manipulate their quantum properties at a level of precision, which still seemed unthinkable some years ago. This versatile set of tools has enabled the development of the well-established concept of engineering of many-body Hamiltonians in various physical platforms. These available tools, however, can also be harnessed to extend the scenario of Hamiltonian engineering to a more general Liouvillian setting, which in addition to coherent dynamics also includes controlled dissipation in many-body quantum systems. Here, we review recent theoretical and experimental progress in different directions along these lines, with a particular focus on physical realizations with systems of atoms and ions. This comprises digital quantum simulations in a general open system setting, as well as engineering and understanding new classes of systems far away from thermodynamic equilibrium.
Quantum simulation of open quantum systems offers a pathway towards better understanding various non-equilibrium physics that would otherwise be challenging to study. While most open quantum systems studied are modeled as being memory-less (obeying the Markov approximation), real baths generally are influenced by the system-bath interaction, and some systems existing in structured non-Markovian environments can display novel behavior as a result. Here we utilize a trapped ion quantum simulator to simulate a single spin-1/21/21/2 driven-dissipative system with a non-Markovian dissipation channel, and experimentally compare steady-states to those from an analogous Markovian bath. We observe that a non-Markovian dissipative channel can shift the steady-state even for a single qubit, to a regime inaccessible for Markovian dissipation. The techniques used here are compatible with many-body extensions of the model, which can not be simulated efficiently on a classical computer in general. Our work also opens up new possibilities in quantum reservoir engineering beyond the Markovian regime.