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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Ideal two-mode phase sensitive quantum amplifier: theory

A. Metelmann, Olivia Lanes, Tzu-Chiao Chien, Xi Cao, Gangqiang Liu, Chenxu Liu, David Pekker, José Aumentado, Michael Hatridge, Aashish A. Clerk

Published Mar 7, 2019• 0 citations
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Classical information theory can be used to quantify the resolution performance of optical imaging systems. When an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) operated as a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) in the transverse spatial domain is used for point source imaging, the angular resolution improvement can approach the de Broglie resolution (i.e. Heisenberg limit). In this paper, classical information theory is employed to quantify the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement for both an ideal and a realistic multimode PSA applied to the problem of sub-Rayleigh imaging. When only considering the noise originating from the detector, the SNR improvement is found to scale quadratically as a function of the PSA gain, in the limit of noise power comparable to signal power. Differences in performance of an ideal PSA and a realistic PSA are discussed.

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We used a spatially broadband optical parametric amplifier for image amplification. In the phase-sensitive configuration of the amplifier, we observed noiseless amplification of input images. For a gain of $\ensuremath{\simeq}2.5$, we measured noise-figure values of ( $0.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$) and ( $0.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$) dB, respectively, for two amplifiers of different lengths. These experimental values agree with theory (for an ideal noiseless amplifier the noise figure is 0 dB) and are almost 2 dB lower than the quantum limit of an ideal phase-insensitive amplifier.
A theory of two-mode phase-sensitive amplification by a three-level atomic system in the cascade configuration is presented, within the framework of the theory of multiwave mixing. Two photons of a strong external pump field induce coherence between the top and bottom levels. It is shown that both quadratures of the field modes acquire unequal gain and added noise. For large values of the dimensionless pump intensity, with a particular choice of its phase, and zero side-mode detuning, the system behaves as a nondegenerate parametric amplifier.
Classical information theory can be used to quantify the resolution performance of optical imaging systems. When an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) operated as a phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) in the transverse spatial domain is used for point source imaging, the angular resolution improvement can approach the de Broglie resolution (i.e. Heisenberg limit). In this paper, classical information theory is employed to quantify the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement for both an ideal and a realistic multimode PSA applied to the problem of sub-Rayleigh imaging. When only considering the noise originating from the detector, the SNR improvement is found to scale quadratically as a function of the PSA gain, in the limit of noise power comparable to signal power. Differences in performance of an ideal PSA and a realistic PSA are discussed.