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International Conference on Communications

Securing Visible Light Communications with Spatial Jamming

Sung Hwan Cho, Gaojie Chen, Justin P. Coon

Published May 1, 2019• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a secure visible light communication (VLC) system with a novel spatial jamming scheme, which is inspired by practical observations of indoor VLC environments. In reality, probable and approximate locations of VLC users can be anticipated by analyzing the user behavior characteristic and the layout of the room. Based on the available location knowledge of a legitimate user (UE) and an eavesdropper (ED), an LED transmitter can choose to convey data or a jamming signal. We call this strategy spatial jamming. By employing a continuous LED model, the related optimization problems are formulated and analyzed based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the secrecy rate, respectively. The numerical results are provided to validate the prediction that the proposed spatial jamming scheme can effectively secure a VLC transmission even when the LEDs do not know the exact location of the ED.

DOI
10.1109/icc.2019.8761165

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In this paper, we propose a secure visible light communication (VLC) system with a novel spatial jamming scheme, which is inspired by practical observations of indoor VLC environments. In reality, probable and approximate locations of VLC users can be anticipated by analyzing the user behavior characteristic and the layout of the room. Based on the available location knowledge of a legitimate user (UE) and an eavesdropper (ED), an LED transmitter can choose to convey data or a jamming signal. We call this strategy spatial jamming. By employing a continuous LED model, the related optimization problems are formulated and analyzed based on the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and the secrecy rate, respectively. The numerical results are provided to validate the prediction that the proposed spatial jamming scheme can effectively secure a VLC transmission even when the LEDs do not know the exact location of the ED.
This paper proposes a secrecy enhancement mechanism for multiuser visible light communication (VLC) systems. Thanks to the inherent advantages of visible light that it cannot penetrate opaque walls and its channel gain largely depends on the distance, VLC systems can serve multiple users at a time with high security and dense spatial reuse. Nevertheless, in the presence of multiple users, the interference caused by other users' signals should be carefully considered when analyzing the secrecy rate and data rate performance measures. By employing a continuous LED model, we formulate an optimization problem to find the optimal set of LEDs that should be used for communication such that the average secrecy rate for the secured user is maximized while satisfying data rate requirements for the other ordinary users. Numerical results are provided to verify that the relative locations of multiple users, the spatial distribution of a random eavesdropper, and the required data rates are significant factors that affect the secrecy performance in multiuser VLC systems.
Visible light communication (VLC) is a burgeoning field in wireless communications as it considers illumination and communication simultaneously. The broadcast nature of VLC makes it necessary to consider the security of underlying transmissions. A physical-layer security (PLS) scheme by introducing jamming LEDs is considered in this paper. The secrecy rate of an indoor VLC system with multiple LEDs, one legitimate receiver, and multiple eavesdroppers is investigated. Three distributions of input signal are assumed, i.e., truncated generalized normal distribution (TGN), uniform distribution, and exponential distribution. The results show that jamming can improve the secrecy performance efficiently. This paper also demonstrates that when the numbers of LEDs transmitting information-bearing signal and jamming signal are equal, the average secrecy rate can be maximized.
This paper considers secrecy enhancement mechanisms in visible light communication (VLC) systems with spatially distributed passive eavesdroppers (EDs) under the assumption that there are multiple LED transmitters and one legitimate user equipment. Based on certain amplitude constraints, we propose a beamforming scheme to improve secrecy performance. Contrary to the case where null-steering is made possible by using knowledge of the ED locations, the proposed beamforming when only statistical information about ED locations is available directs the transmission along a particular eigenmode related to the intensity of the ED process and the intended channel. Then, a LED selection scheme that is less complicated than beamforming is provided to reduce the secrecy outage probability (SOP). An approximate closed-form for the SOP is derived by using secrecy rate bounds. All the analysis is numerically verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. The analysis shows that the beamformer yields superior performance to LED selection. However, LED selection is still a highly efficient alternative scheme due to the complexity associated with the use of multiple transmitters in the full beamforming approach. These performance trends and exact relations between system parameters can be used to develop a secure VLC system in the presence of randomly distributed EDs.
Despite offering higher security than radio frequency (RF) channels, the broadcast nature of the visible light communication (VLC) channel makes VLC links inherently susceptible to eavesdropping by unauthorized users. In this work, we consider the physical-layer security of VLC links aided by friendly jamming. The jammer has multiple light sources, but does not have access to the data transmitted. The eavesdropper's reception is degraded by a jamming signal that causes no interference to the legitimate receiver. Due to the limited dynamic range of typical light-emitting diodes (LEDs), both the data and jamming signals are subject to amplitude constraints. Therefore, we begin with deriving a closed-form secrecy rate expression for the corresponding wiretap channel, and adopt secrecy rate as the performance measure. Then, we formulate a linear programming problem to maximize the secrecy rate when the eavesdropper's channel is accurately known to the jammer. Finally, we consider robust beamforming to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate when information about the eavesdropper's channel is uncertain due to location uncertainty. The robust scheme makes use of simple linear programming, making real-time implementation feasible in a variety of real-world scenarios.
This paper proposes a novel cooperative beamforming and jamming scheme to deal with passive and active eavesdroppers (EDs) in indoor visible light communication (VLC) networks. An ED in VLC systems can augment its front-end receiver by implementing possible device modifications; thus, jamming is very useful for curbing such an enhanced ED since it would be impossible to distinguish between the information and jamming signals. In contrast to the traditional artificial noise strategies for VLC that can only deal with either passive or active EDs, we propose a combined scheme of beamforming and jamming that significantly improves secrecy performance when both types of EDs exist. The proposed scheme is designed to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the legitimate receiver, entirely suppress the SINRs of the active EDs, and restrict the average SINR of the passive EDs. We apply an inverse free preconditioned Krylov subspace projection method and the convex-concave procedure to obtain the suboptimal beamforming weight and jamming intensity vectors. Also, an optimal power splitter coefficient is found through the golden section search method. The numerical results verify that the proposed scheme shows superior performance compared to the three benchmarks: 1) zero-forcing beamforming; 2) artificial noise scheme; and 3) enhanced zero-forcing beamforming.
Due to the broadcast nature of visible light communication (VLC), the secrecy protection is a crucial issue. In this paper, aiming at the communication scenario of a point-to-point VLC transmission link, an anti-eavesdropping model utilizing friendly jamming is constructed, which is composed of a light-emitting diode (LED) transmitter, a legitimate receiver equipped with a photodiode (PD), and a potential eavesdropper trying to obtain the undisclosed information transmitted. In addition, the system is equipped with a friendly jammer composed of multiple LEDs. A friendly jamming scheme based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed, which adopts different friendly jamming actions with the dynamic change of the environment. The simulation results show that compared with the benchmark state-of-the-art method, the proposed scheme can significantly reduce the bit error rate (BER) of the legitimate receiver and improve the overall performance of the anti-eavesdropping VLC system.