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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Sideband Cooling of Ytterbium

Brandon Ruzic, Melissa Revelle, Peter Maunz

Published May 28, 2019• 0 citations
OpenAlex

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Sideband cooling is a key technique for improving the performance of optical atomic clocks by preparing cold atoms and single ions into the ground vibrational state. In this work, we demonstrate detailed experimental research on pulsed Raman sideband cooling in a 171Yb optical lattice clock. A sequence comprised of interleaved 578 nm cooling pulses resonant on the 1st-order red sideband and 1388 nm repumping pulses is carried out to transfer atoms into the motional ground state. We successfully decrease the axial temperature of atoms in the lattice from 6.5 μK to less than 0.8 μK in the trap depth of 24 μK, corresponding to an average axial motional quantum number 〈 nz 〉 < 0.03. Rabi oscillation spectroscopy is measured to evaluate the effect of sideband cooling on inhomogeneous excitation. The maximum excitation fraction is increased from 0.8 to 0.86, indicating an enhancement in the quantum coherence of the ensemble. Our work will contribute to improving the instability and uncertainty of Yb lattice clocks.

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Trapping and Laser Cooling an Ensemble of Ytterbium-171 Atoms for use in an Atomic Clock

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Optical lattice clocks require careful preparation of atomic ensembles in order to ensure homogeneous interactions with the clock laser. We demonstrate loading and laser cooling of an ensemble of ytterbium-171 atoms in a 2D optical dipole trap created by an optical cavity. Our loading method ensures that all atoms are located in the intersection of 2 perpendicular dipole traps as verified through absorption imaging. Raman sideband cooling was used to cool the atomic ensemble from 15.7 uK to 6.3 uK as measured through optical sideband spectroscopy on the 578 nm clock transition. Together, these steps improved the transfer of atoms during a Rabi oscillation from the ground to the clock state from approximately 45 percent excitation fraction to 80 percent excitation fraction. The final atomic ensemble preparation is now sufficient for running an atomic clock.

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Experiment with Single Ytterbium Ions

Nan Yu, Lute Maleki

•Mar 22, 1999•0 citations
Sideband cooling is a key technique for improving the performance of optical atomic clocks by preparing cold atoms and single ions into the ground vibrational state. In this work, we demonstrate detailed experimental research on pulsed Raman sideband cooling in a 171Yb optical lattice clock. A sequence comprised of interleaved 578 nm cooling pulses resonant on the 1st-order red sideband and 1388 nm repumping pulses is carried out to transfer atoms into the motional ground state. We successfully decrease the axial temperature of atoms in the lattice from 6.5 μK to less than 0.8 μK in the trap depth of 24 μK, corresponding to an average axial motional quantum number 〈 nz 〉 < 0.03. Rabi oscillation spectroscopy is measured to evaluate the effect of sideband cooling on inhomogeneous excitation. The maximum excitation fraction is increased from 0.8 to 0.86, indicating an enhancement in the quantum coherence of the ensemble. Our work will contribute to improving the instability and uncertainty of Yb lattice clocks.
Optical lattice clocks require careful preparation of atomic ensembles in order to ensure homogeneous interactions with the clock laser. We demonstrate loading and laser cooling of an ensemble of ytterbium-171 atoms in a 2D optical dipole trap created by an optical cavity. Our loading method ensures that all atoms are located in the intersection of 2 perpendicular dipole traps as verified through absorption imaging. Raman sideband cooling was used to cool the atomic ensemble from 15.7 uK to 6.3 uK as measured through optical sideband spectroscopy on the 578 nm clock transition. Together, these steps improved the transfer of atoms during a Rabi oscillation from the ground to the clock state from approximately 45 percent excitation fraction to 80 percent excitation fraction. The final atomic ensemble preparation is now sufficient for running an atomic clock.