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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Real time correlations and spectral functions in numerical linked-cluster expansions

Ehsan Khatami

Published Mar 6, 2019• 0 citations
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We demonstrate that numerical linked cluster expansions (NLCE) yield a powerful approach to calculate time-dependent correlation functions for quantum many-body systems in one dimension. As a paradigmatic example, we study the dynamics of the spin current in the spin-1/2XXZ1/2 XXZ1/2XXZ chain for different values of anisotropy, as well as in the presence of an integrability-breaking next-nearest neighbor interaction. For short to intermediate time scales, we unveil that NLCE yields a convergence towards the thermodynamic limit already for small cluster sizes, which is much faster than in direct calculations of the autocorrelation function for systems with open or periodic boundary conditions. Most importantly, we show that the range of accessible cluster sizes in NLCE can be extended by evaluating the contributions of larger clusters by means of a pure-state approach based on the concept of dynamical quantum typicality (DQT). Even for moderate computational effort, this combination of DQT and NLCE provides a competitive alternative to existing state-of-the-art techniques, which may be applied in higher dimensions as well.
We derive an approximate analytical solution of the self-consistency equations of the bosonic dynamical mean-field theory (B-DMFT) in the strong-coupling limit. The approach is based on a linked-cluster expansion in the hybridization function of normal bosons around the atomic limit. The solution is used to compute the phase diagram of the bosonic Hubbard model for different lattices. We compare our results with numerical solutions of the B-DMFT equations and numerically exact methods, respectively. The very good agreement with those numerical results demonstrates that our approach captures the essential physics of correlated bosons both in the Mott insulator and in the superfluid phase. Close to the transition into the superfluid phase the momentum distribution function at zero momentum is found to be strongly enhanced already in the normal phase. The linked-cluster expansion also allows us to compute dynamical properties such as the spectral function of bosons. The evolution of the spectral function across the transition from the normal to the superfluid phase is seen to be characteristically different for the interaction driven and density driven transition, respectively.
We study quantum quenches in the transverse-field Ising model defined on different lattice geometries such as chains, two- and three-leg ladders, and two-dimensional square lattices. Starting from fully polarized initial states, we consider the dynamics of the transverse and the longitudinal magnetization for quenches to weak, strong, and critical values of the transverse field. To this end, we rely on an efficient combination of numerical linked cluster expansions (NLCEs) and a forward propagation of pure states in real time. As a main result, we demonstrate that NLCEs comprising solely rectangular clusters provide a promising approach to study the real-time dynamics of two-dimensional quantum many-body systems directly in the thermodynamic limit. By comparing to existing data from the literature, we unveil that NLCEs yield converged results on time scales which are competitive to other state-of-the-art numerical methods.