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East European Journal of Physics

ON THE VORTEX STRUCTURE IN TWO COMPONENT BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE

A. P. Ivashin, Yurii M. Poluektov

Published Sep 4, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The vortex structure in a space-homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate of two particle species with different masses has been studied. It is shown that the vortex structure in the two-component condensate is described by three dimensionless parameters, which define the system. That is different from the usual one-component condensate, where the vortex is described by a parameter-less dimensionless equation with a fixed structure. A few types of vortices with different qualitative structure are explored. In particular, it is shown, that the vortex structure strongly depends on the sign of “interaction” constant of the components. There can exist the super-density vortices, when the “interaction” constant is positive. These vortices have the near-axis density greater than the equilibrium density of a homogeneous space Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that there can exist the vortices with opposite direction of the condensate rotation near the axis and far off the axis.

DOI
10.26565/2312-4334-2014-3-12

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The vortex structure in a space-homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate of two particle species with different masses has been studied. It is shown that the vortex structure in the two-component condensate is described by three dimensionless parameters, which define the system. That is different from the usual one-component condensate, where the vortex is described by a parameter-less dimensionless equation with a fixed structure. A few types of vortices with different qualitative structure are explored. In particular, it is shown, that the vortex structure strongly depends on the sign of “interaction” constant of the components. There can exist the super-density vortices, when the “interaction” constant is positive. These vortices have the near-axis density greater than the equilibrium density of a homogeneous space Bose-Einstein condensate. We show that there can exist the vortices with opposite direction of the condensate rotation near the axis and far off the axis.
Abstract In contrast to one-component Bose-Einstein condensate case, the vortices in two-component condensate can have various complicated structures. The vortices in a space-homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate have been studied in this paper. It is shown that the vortex structure is described by three dimensionless parameters. This is totally different from the usual one-component condensate case,where an isolated vortex is described by a parameterless dimensionless equation. The two-component vortex structure strongly depends on the sign of “interaction” constant of the components. A few types of vortices with different qualitative structure are explored. We show that the “super-density vortices” can exist, when the “interaction” constant is positive. The “super-density vortices” have the near-axis density greater than the equilibrium density of a homogeneous space Bose-Einstein condensate. We also show that the vortices with opposite direction of the condensate component rotation near the axis and far off the axis can exist.
The vortex-vortex interaction in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates is shown to present characteristic effects not possible in single-component condensates. In particular, vortices in different components undergo separate, but concentric, orbits for both the same and opposite circulation. In addition, contrary to the well-known behavior in single-component condensates, vortices with the same circulation created in the less dense component merge in the presence of dissipation, allowing for the creation of metastable vortices with more than one quantum of circulation.
We develop a three-dimensional analysis of the phase separation of two-species Bose-Einstein condensates in the presence of vorticity within the Thomas-Fermi approximation. We find different segregation features according to whether the more repulsive component is in a vortex or in a vortex-free state. An application of this study is aimed at describing systems formed by two almost immiscible species of rubidium-87 that are commonly used in Bose-Einstein condensation experiments. In particular, in this work we calculate the density profiles of condensates for the same conditions as the states prepared in the experiments performed at JILA [Matthews et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2498 (1999)].
The vortex density of a rotating superfluid, divided by its particle mass, dictates the superfluid's angular velocity through the Feynman relation. To find how the Feynman relation applies to superfluid mixtures, we investigate a rotating two-component Bose–Einstein condensate, composed of bosons with different masses. We find that in the case of sufficiently strong interspecies attraction, the vortex lattices of the two condensates lock and rotate at the drive frequency, while the superfluids themselves rotate at two different velocities, whose ratio equals the ratio between the particle masses of the two species. In this paper, we characterize the vortex-locked state, establish its regime of stability, and find that it survives within a disk smaller than a critical radius, beyond which vortices become unbound and the two Bose-gas rings rotate together at the frequency of the external drive.
We explore vortices in non-equilibrium Dirac Bose-Einstein condensates (Dirac BEC) described by a stationary Dirac Gross-Pitaevskii equations (GPE). We find that the multi-component structure of Dirac equation enables the difference in phase winding of two condensates with respective phase winding number differing by one, ℓa−ℓb=±1\ell_a - \ell_b = \pm 1ℓa​−ℓb​=±1. We observe three classes of vortex states distinguished by their far-field behavior: A ring soliton on either of the two components in combination with a vortex on the other component, and, in the case of strong inter-component interactions, a vortex profile on both components. The latter are multiple core vortices due to the phase winding difference between the components. We also address the role of a Haldane gap on these vortices, which has a similar effect than inter-component by making the occupation on either sublattice more costly. We employ a numerical shooting method to reliably identify vortex solutions and use it to scan large parts of the phase space. We then use a classification algorithm on the integrated wavefunctions to establish a phase diagram of the different topological sectors.