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IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference

HAP-Aided Relaying Satellite FSO/QKD Systems for Secure Vehicular Networks

Minh Q. Vu, Ngoc The Dang, Anh T. Pham

Published Apr 1, 2019• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper proposes a high-altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite free-space optics (FSO) quantumkey distribution (QKD) system for the secure vehicular networks supporting unmanned vehicles (UAV) and regular vehicles. The subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual-threshold/direct detection (DT/DD) receiver are employed. The relaying HAP is equipped with optical amplifyand-forward (OAF) relaying node. We analytically derive the ergodic secret-key rate of the proposed system under the impact of atmospheric turbulence and other noises. Gaussian beam model is used to evaluate the impact of geometrical spreading on the signal received by the legitimate users and the probability of being eavesdropped. The numerical results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.

DOI
10.1109/vtcspring.2019.8746381

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This paper proposes a high-altitude platform (HAP)-aided relaying satellite free-space optics (FSO) quantumkey distribution (QKD) system for the secure vehicular networks supporting unmanned vehicles (UAV) and regular vehicles. The subcarrier intensity modulation (SIM) binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and dual-threshold/direct detection (DT/DD) receiver are employed. The relaying HAP is equipped with optical amplifyand-forward (OAF) relaying node. We analytically derive the ergodic secret-key rate of the proposed system under the impact of atmospheric turbulence and other noises. Gaussian beam model is used to evaluate the impact of geometrical spreading on the signal received by the legitimate users and the probability of being eavesdropped. The numerical results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.
This paper aims at proposing a novel satellite quantum key distribution (QKD) system for vehicular networks. Quantum key from a satellite (i.e., a trusted node) is transmitted through a free-space optical (FSO) channel to a high-attitude platform (HAP) using radio-over-FSO (RoFSO) technique. HAP playing a role as a relaying node forwards the key to moving vehicles via millimeter-wave (MMW) channel. Key information generated is encoded on MMW subcarrier using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signaling and then recovered at the receiver thanks to a dual-threshold detector. We derive the mathematical expressions for security analysis of the proposed QKD system in terms of quantum bit error rate and ergodic secret-key rate taking into account the channel loss and receiver noise. The numerical results confirm the feasibility of the proposed QKD system.
This paper studies the design and performance analysis of relay-assisted satellite free-space optics (FSO) quantum key distribution (QKD) systems for secure vehicular networks. High-altitude platforms (HAPs) equipped with optical amplify-and-forward nodes are used as relay stations. Secrecy performances in terms of quantum bit error rate and ergodic secret-key rate are analytically investigated under the effects of transceiver misalignment, receiver's velocity variation, receiver noises, and atmospheric turbulence conditions. Based on the analyzed results, the design criteria for the legitimate user are determined so that the security of the considered system could be guaranteed.
This paper proposes a novel two-way free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol, which can be implemented using standard free-space optical (FSO) systems with subcarrier intensity-modulation (SIM) binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) and direct-detection (DD) receiver. Different eavesdropping threats, including unauthorized receiver, beam-splitting, and intercept-resend attacks, are considered in the security analysis of the proposed protocol. Under the constraints on security requirements, we analytically investigate the design criteria for transmitter and receiver, in particular, the intensity modulation depth at the transmitter and the dual-threshold setting of the receiver in two-way free-space QKD systems. Quantum bit error rate (QBER), the ergodic secret-key rate, and the probability of detecting eavesdropper of the proposed system are analytically derived in closed-form expressions, considering the atmospheric loss, turbulence, and receiver noises.
High-altitude platform (HAP) stations are pivotal in non-terrestrial networks, enhancing communication capabilities and extending cost-effective network access to rural or remote areas. HAP-assisted free-space optical (FSO) communications provide a promising solution for improving data rates. To safeguard against eavesdropping, especially during emergencies, we propose a physical-layer security mechanism to enhance the control signaling resilience in disaster response and network failure detection. We investigate the secrecy performance of an integrated HAP-based FSO and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-enabled radio frequency (RF) downlink system using the decode-and-forward relaying protocol. While optical links inherently provide better security, our focus is on the eavesdropping threats to the RF link. We derive novel and exact analytical and asymptotic closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity (PSPSC). Our results reveal the significant impact of atmospheric turbulence, RF fading, pointing errors, and optical detection technologies on the overall secrecy performance, providing valuable insights for designing secure mixed FSO and RF downlink communication systems.
This paper proposes a novel free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) system using subcarrier intensity-modulation (SIM) binary phase-shift-keying (BPSK) and dual-threshold/direct-detection (DT/DD) receiver with an avalanche photodiode (APD). The proposed system enables the adoption of well-developed analytical models in conventional free-space optical (FSO) communications and achieves the QKD function with a simple configuration. We analytically investigate the design criteria for transmitter and receiver, in particular, the modulation depth and the setting for dual-threshold in the context of security requirement of QKD systems. The quantum bit error rate (QBER) and the ergodic secret-key rate of the proposed system are analytically derived in closed-form expressions, considering the channel loss, atmospheric turbulence modeled by the log-normal distribution, and receiver noises. Monte-Carlo (M-C) simulations are also implemented to validate the analytical results, and numerical results confirm the feasibility of the proposed system.
This paper proposes to use high-altitude platform (HAP)-based relaying and link-layer automatic repeat request (ARQ) techniques to improve the performance of the satellite quantum key distribution (QKD) over free-space optics (FSO) systems. We also develop analytical frameworks based on two 3D Markov chain models allowing us to comprehensively analyze the performance of the proposed system in terms of key loss rate and delay outage rate. Our performance analysis takes into account the physical layer impairments induced by FSO channel and receiver noise. Numerical results quantitatively demonstrate that the satellite FSO/QKD system using HAP-based relaying and link-layer ARQ techniques can offer considerable performance improvement over the conventional ones.