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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Ground-state cooling of a mechanical resonator enabled by critical coupling and dark entangled states

Claudia P. Cortés, Matthew Otten, Stephen K. Gray

Published Mar 7, 2019• 0 citations
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Ground-state cooling enabled by critical coupling and dark entangled states

Cristian L. Cortes, Matthew Otten, Stephen K. Gray

We analyze the cooling of a mechanical resonator coupled to an ensemble of interacting two-level systems via an open quantum systems approach. Using an exact analytical result, we find optimal cooling occurs when the phonon mode is critically coupled $(\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\sim}g)$ to the two-level system ensemble. Typical systems operate in suboptimal cooling regimes due to the intrinsic parameter mismatch $(\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gg}g)$ between the dissipative decay rate $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the coupling factor $g$. To overcome this obstacle, we show that carefully engineering the coupling parameters through the strain profile of the mechanical resonator allows phonon cooling to proceed through the dark (subradiant) entangled states of an interacting ensemble, thereby resulting in optimal phonon cooling. Our results provide an avenue for ground-state cooling and should be accessible for experimental demonstrations.

arXiv:2001.01318•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jan 14, 2019•10 citations
We theoretically investigate a quadratic optomechanical system comprising a single-mode optical cavity linearly coupled to one mechanical resonator and quadratically coupled to a second resonator. By tuning the cavity detuning and optomechanical coupling strengths, we demonstrate the transition from optical bistability to multistability with up to seven steady-state solutions. Notably, simultaneous ground-state cooling of both mechanical resonators occurs on the dynamically stable branch of the nonlinear steady-state solutions, offering new opportunities for combined nonlinear optical and quantum cooling functionalities. Beyond the multistable regime, we systematically study dual-mode ground-state cooling and find that robust simultaneous cooling can be achieved over a broad parameter range, except when the linear and quadratic couplings become comparable, where a dark-mode effect arises. In this case, tuning the second-order optomechanical-induced frequency shifts effectively suppresses dark-mode interference, enabling controllable and simultaneous ground-state cooling. Our results provide a versatile framework for engineering multimode quantum states in optomechanical systems and open new avenues for the development of multifunctional quantum devices, including ultra-sensitive sensors, scalable quantum memories, and integrated quantum networks.
We analyze the cooling of a mechanical resonator coupled to an ensemble of interacting two-level systems via an open quantum systems approach. Using an exact analytical result, we find optimal cooling occurs when the phonon mode is critically coupled $(\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\sim}g)$ to the two-level system ensemble. Typical systems operate in suboptimal cooling regimes due to the intrinsic parameter mismatch $(\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gg}g)$ between the dissipative decay rate $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and the coupling factor ggg. To overcome this obstacle, we show that carefully engineering the coupling parameters through the strain profile of the mechanical resonator allows phonon cooling to proceed through the dark (subradiant) entangled states of an interacting ensemble, thereby resulting in optimal phonon cooling. Our results provide an avenue for ground-state cooling and should be accessible for experimental demonstrations.