We use a gray molasses operating on the D[subscript 1] atomic transition to produce degenerate quantum gases of [superscript 6]Li with a large number of atoms. This sub-Doppler cooling phase allows us to lower the initial temperature of 10[superscript 9] atoms from 500 to 40 μK in 2 ms. We observe that D[subscript 1] cooling remains effective into a high-intensity infrared dipole trap where two-state mixtures are evaporated to reach the degenerate regime. We produce molecular Bose-Einstein condensates of up to 5 × 10[superscript 5] molecules and weakly interacting degenerate Fermi gases of 7×10[superscript 5] atoms at T/T[subscript F] < 0.1 with a typical experimental duty cycle of 11 s.We use a gray molasses operating on the D[subscript 1] atomic transition to produce degenerate quantum gases of [superscript 6]Li with a large number of atoms. This sub-Doppler cooling phase allows us to lower the initial temperature of 10[superscript 9] atoms from 500 to 40 μK in 2 ms. We observe that D[subscript 1] cooling remains effective into a high-intensity infrared dipole trap where two-state mixtures are evaporated to reach the degenerate regime. We produce molecular Bose-Einstein condensates of up to 5 × 10[superscript 5] molecules and weakly interacting degenerate Fermi gases of 7×10[superscript 5] atoms at T/T[subscript F] < 0.1 with a typical experimental duty cycle of 11 s.

Physical Review LettersOct 1, 20140 citations

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Lithium

Charles A. Sackett, C. C. Bradley, Matthias Welling +1 more

Brazilian Journal of PhysicsJun 1, 19974 citations

Bose-Einstein condensation of lithium

Charles A. Sackett, C.C. Bradley, M. Welling +1 more

Applied Physics BOct 1, 199762 citations

Production of large K41 Bose-Einstein condensates using D1 gray molasses

Hao-Ze Chen, Xing-Can Yao, Yu-Ping Wu +5 more

We use ${D}_{1}$ gray molasses to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation of a large number of $^{41}\mathrm{K}$ atoms in an optical dipole trap. By combining a specific configuration of a compressed magneto-optical trap with ${D}_{1}$ gray molasses, we obtain a cold sample of $2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms with a temperature as low as 42 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$. After magnetically transferring the atoms into the final glass cell, we perform a two-stage evaporative cooling. A condensate with up to $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in the lowest Zeeman state $|F=1,{m}_{F}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ is achieved in the optical dipole trap. Furthermore, we observe two narrow Feshbach resonances in the lowest hyperfine channel, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.We use ${D}_{1}$ gray molasses to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation of a large number of $^{41}\mathrm{K}$ atoms in an optical dipole trap. By combining a specific configuration of a compressed magneto-optical trap with ${D}_{1}$ gray molasses, we obtain a cold sample of $2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms with a temperature as low as 42 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$. After magnetically transferring the atoms into the final glass cell, we perform a two-stage evaporative cooling. A condensate with up to $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in the lowest Zeeman state $|F=1,{m}_{F}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ is achieved in the optical dipole trap. Furthermore, we observe two narrow Feshbach resonances in the lowest hyperfine channel, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

arXiv:1608.07354Physical Review ASep 8, 201635 citations

Experimental Study of Large Bose Condensates

Dallin Durfee, Chris Kuklewicz, Roberto Onofrio +3 more

APSMay 1, 19980 citations

Rapid production of large Li7 Bose-Einstein condensates using D1 gray molasses

Kyungtae Kim, SeungJung Huh, Kiryang Kwon +1 more

We demonstrate the production of large $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical dipole trap using ${D}_{1}$ gray molasses. The sub-Doppler cooling technique reduces the temperature of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms to $25\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in 3 ms. After microwave evaporation cooling in a magnetic quadrupole trap, we transfer the atoms to a crossed optical dipole trap, where we employ a magnetic Feshbach resonance on the $|F=1,{m}_{F}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state. Fast evaporation cooling is achieved by tilting the optical potential using a magnetic field gradient on the top of the Feshbach field. Our setup produces pure condensates with $2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in the optical potential for every 11 s. The trap tilt evaporation allows rapid thermal quench, and spontaneous vortices are observed in the condensates as a result of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.We demonstrate the production of large $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical dipole trap using ${D}_{1}$ gray molasses. The sub-Doppler cooling technique reduces the temperature of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms to $25\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in 3 ms. After microwave evaporation cooling in a magnetic quadrupole trap, we transfer the atoms to a crossed optical dipole trap, where we employ a magnetic Feshbach resonance on the $|F=1,{m}_{F}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state. Fast evaporation cooling is achieved by tilting the optical potential using a magnetic field gradient on the top of the Feshbach field. Our setup produces pure condensates with $2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in the optical potential for every 11 s. The trap tilt evaporation allows rapid thermal quench, and spontaneous vortices are observed in the condensates as a result of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.

arXiv:1905.03555Physical Review AMay 8, 20199 citations

We use

{D}_{1}

gray molasses to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation of a large number of

^{41}\mathrm{K}

atoms in an optical dipole trap. By combining a specific configuration of a compressed magneto-optical trap with

{D}_{1}

gray molasses, we obtain a cold sample of $2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms with a temperature as low as 42 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$. After magnetically transferring the atoms into the final glass cell, we perform a two-stage evaporative cooling. A condensate with up to $1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in the lowest Zeeman state $|F=1,{m}_{F}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ is achieved in the optical dipole trap. Furthermore, we observe two narrow Feshbach resonances in the lowest hyperfine channel, which are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.

We demonstrate the production of large

^{7}\mathrm{Li}

Bose-Einstein condensates in an optical dipole trap using

{D}_{1}

gray molasses. The sub-Doppler cooling technique reduces the temperature of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms to $25\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ in 3 ms. After microwave evaporation cooling in a magnetic quadrupole trap, we transfer the atoms to a crossed optical dipole trap, where we employ a magnetic Feshbach resonance on the $|F=1,{m}_{F}=1\ensuremath{\rangle}$ state. Fast evaporation cooling is achieved by tilting the optical potential using a magnetic field gradient on the top of the Feshbach field. Our setup produces pure condensates with $2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$ atoms in the optical potential for every 11 s. The trap tilt evaporation allows rapid thermal quench, and spontaneous vortices are observed in the condensates as a result of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.