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Progress of Theoretical Physics

Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions in Cooperative Atomic Systems (Nonlinear Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics--Proceedings of the 1978 Oji Seminar at Kyoto,July 10~14,1978)

Daniel F. Walls

Published Jan 1, 1978• 0 citations
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Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions in Cooperative Atomic Systems

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We consider N two level atoms driven far from equilibrium by a coherent driving field. The atoms may decay by a cooperative (J2 preserving) mechanism or a non-cooperative (J2 non-conserving) mechanism where J is the atomic pseudo angular momentum. We adopt a mean field theory to study the J2 non-conserving interaction. This indicates that the system displays a first order phase transition in several observables, e.g., mean field, spectrum and photon statistics. The two stable branches of the hysteresis curve are shown to be regions of cooperative and non-cooperative behaviour respectively. In the case of cooperative atomic decays we find a solution to the Fokker-Planck equation in the atomic coherent state representation. This predicts a second order phase transition in atomic observables—a cooperative fluorescent critical point.

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We consider N two level atoms driven far from equilibrium by a coherent driving field. The atoms may decay by a cooperative (J2 preserving) mechanism or a non-cooperative (J2 non-conserving) mechanism where J is the atomic pseudo angular momentum. We adopt a mean field theory to study the J2 non-conserving interaction. This indicates that the system displays a first order phase transition in several observables, e.g., mean field, spectrum and photon statistics. The two stable branches of the hysteresis curve are shown to be regions of cooperative and non-cooperative behaviour respectively. In the case of cooperative atomic decays we find a solution to the Fokker-Planck equation in the atomic coherent state representation. This predicts a second order phase transition in atomic observables—a cooperative fluorescent critical point.
Abstract The main aim of this special issue is to report recent advances and new trends in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of classical and quantum systems, from both theoretical and experimental points of view, within an interdisciplinary context. In particular, the nonlinear relaxation processes in the dynamics of out-of-equilibrium systems and the role of the metastability and environmental noise will be overviewed. Three main areas of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics will be covered: slow relaxation phenomena and dissipative dynamics; long-range interactions and classical systems; quantum systems. New trends such as quantum thermodynamics and novel types of quantum phase transitions occurring in nonequilibrium steady states and topological phase transitions will be also highlighted.