if you push a mass to the speed of light it takes a lot of work now if you push a larger mass it take a larger work to push it at a time larger by the larger mass/mass coefficient velocity here is all that matters do you think electromagnetic waves has inertia if it has mass do waves have inertia? arent waves propagation of momentum? waves are because of masses hitting each other and inertia of these masses in some way there is nothing called a wave so the principle of mass wave duality is wrong
if you push a mass to the speed of light it takes a lot of work now if you push a larger mass it take a larger work to push it at a time larger by the larger mass/mass coefficient velocity here is all that matters do you think electromagnetic waves has inertia if it has mass do waves have inertia? arent waves propagation of momentum? waves are because of masses hitting each other and inertia of these masses in some way there is nothing called a wave so the principle of mass wave duality is wrong
A quaternionic mass defining longitudinal mass () and transverse mass () of a particle is introduced. The longitudinal and transverse masses represent the mass of the particle and matter wave accompanying it, respectively. A massive particle is found to have a bigger longitudinal mass than transverse mass. The particle nature due to the transverse mass of a particle is described by a scalar wave satisfying the Klein-Gordon equation. The transverse mass vector is found to be along the direction of the particle’s velocity (). A particle of an equal longitudinal and transverse mass travels at speed of light in vacuum. The transmission of matter wave energy is found to be opposite to the particle velocity. The momentum of the particle () and its matter wave () are equal. The direction of the transverse mass is found to be along the direction of the particle’s velocity.
In the wave-particle duality, a free particle can be considered as a wave packet. Is there a wave property that corresponds to the rest mass of the particle? This is an interesting question that has not been extensively explored before. We suggest that this problem may be approached by treating the rest mass on the same footing as energy and momentum. Here we demonstrate that, by assuming that the matter wave of a particle behaves like a photon, one could derive the mass-energy relation from the solution of a simplified wave equation. This solution suggests that the rest mass of a particle is associated with a "transverse wave number", which characterizes the radial variation of the wave function in the transverse plane. This finding has several appealing features. For example, it shows a consistent geometrical relationship between mass, energy and momentum in both the wave and particle perspectives. Also, it predicts that a massless particle must travel at the constant speed of light. Furthermore, from a philosophical point of view, this model suggests that the mass-energy relation attributed to the special theory of relativity may have a root in the wave-particle duality. Indeed, it is shown that the Klein-Gordon equation can be derived naturally based on this model.
The wave-particle dual nature of light was discovered from experimental observations and from theoretical works of Max Planck and Albert Einstein during the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper reveals that wave-particle duality is just one aspect of the all dual nature of light (electromagnetic waves) and electromagnetic fields and that light and electromagnetic fields manifest dual natures in other ways also. For example, light is not only a local phenomenon as conventionally viewed, but also a non-local phenomenon. Light behaves both according to ether theory and emission theory. The speed of light is both constant (c) and variable ( c ± V). The phase velocity of light is independent of source and observer velocity and is always constant c, while the group velocity of light varies with observer velocity but is independent of source velocity. Light acts as if it travels both in a straight line and in curved path, at the same time! Electrostatic lines of force behave as if they are both straight and curved lines. Electrostatic fields behave as if they ‘propagate’ both at the speed of light and with infinite speed, at the same time! This paper is a summary of the findings reported in previous papers published by this author. An extensive theoretical research carried out by this author in an attempt to explain the Michelson-Morley experiment, the Sagnac effect and other light speed experiments led to uncovering of the broader and more fundamental nature of duality in electromagnetism.
The Wave-Particle Duality is a basic property of microscopic particles. As a basic concept of quantum mechanics, the wave-particle duality theory from elementary particles to big molecules had been verified by lots of experiments. Different from electromagnetic wave, the matter wave’s propagation is not only fast but also adjustable. According to the special relativity theory, the group velocity with which the overall envelope shape of the wave, namely the related particle’s propagation and information convey speed is changeable with its energy and related wavelength, among which only the energy exceeds over the minimum value, the propagation can be starting and the velocity is not allowed to surpass the maximum value i.e. the light speed in vacuum. Take electron as an example, if the free electron beam gains energy higher than around 8.187×10ˉᴵ⁴J and the related wavelength is shorter than around 5.316×10ˉᴲnm, the matter wave can start to propagate.
The Wave-Particle Duality is a basic property of microscopic particles. As a basic concept of quantum mechanics, the wave-particle duality theory from elementary particles to big molecules had been verified by lots of experiments. Different from electromagnetic wave, the matter wave’s propagation is not only fast but also adjustable. According to the special relativity theory, the group velocity with which the overall envelope shape of the wave, namely the related particle’s propagation and information convey speed is changeable with its energy and related wavelength, among which only the energy exceeds over the minimum value, the propagation can be starting and the velocity is not allowed to surpass the maximum value i.e. the light speed in vacuum. Take electron as an example, if the free electron beam gains energy higher than around 8.187×10ˉᴵ⁴J and the related wavelength is shorter than around 5.316×10ˉᴲnm, the matter wave can start to propagate.
The velocity is a macroscopic concept. The question what is the meaning of velocity in Quantum Mechanics( QM) ,this problem itself is inno answersituation. In the semi-classical theory,for the reconstruction of the velocity definition,we have v→= ▽S / m[m is the particle's mass and ψ = Aexp( j S /h) ]. This method builds the relation of velocity and wave function,but it is not the necessary and useful concept of wave's speed. The velocity of light in vacuum is a common basic constant of physics,however QM also need this parameter obviously,i. e. the new wave mechanics is on need of this physical quantity.The process and result of people's practice show that,scientist has intended to bring forth in the measurement of c with very high accuracy does stand out,if he used the scalar equation c = fλ. Modern physics maintain that the wave velocities( phase velocityvp、group velocity vg) are scalars,not vectors.The wave has its special scientific features; the regular pattern is different from the Classical Mechanics( CM). It needs supports of the QM,but it is not identical with the serious QM. Now,it has not only a theory that can explain the wave problems perfectly,so it is support by the classical physics and quantum physics.The quantization process of EM fields explains the particle-wave duality mathematically. Post quantization,from the EM fields we obtained the photons. But scientist still is puzzled by a difficult question:what is photon. As the common knowledge,the matter waves of photon still a paradox in physics. In addition,the electronic probability waves corresponding the Schrdinger equation,but people says the photonic probability waves have not that wave equation. In other words,the physical meanings of matter wave's phase velocity are not clear,and why the phase velocity of de Broglie waves is faster-than-light,many explanations will be needed.Many instances similar to these examples make the particle-wave duality still the magic ghost in modern physics. Finally,the study on negative wave velocity( NWV) in recent years has a great deal of experience on wave sciences,and bring the new chance on theoretical thinking.