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Physical Review A

Single-photon quantum router in the microwave regime utilizing double superconducting resonators with tunable coupling

Yuting Zhu, W. Z. Jia

Published Jun 10, 2019• 35 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We provide a proposal to achieve single-photon router in the microwave domain based on a waveguide quantum electrodynamics structure, which consists of a double-resonator side coupled to a superconducting transmission line. A superconducting quantum interference device is used to realize tunable and switchable coupling between the resonators; thereby the transport of a single photon in the transmission line can be effectively controlled. Our calculations show that the device has high on-off ratio and is experimentally feasible in currently available superconducting quantum circuits.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.063815

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We provide a proposal to achieve single-photon router in the microwave domain based on a waveguide quantum electrodynamics structure, which consists of a double-resonator side coupled to a superconducting transmission line. A superconducting quantum interference device is used to realize tunable and switchable coupling between the resonators; thereby the transport of a single photon in the transmission line can be effectively controlled. Our calculations show that the device has high on-off ratio and is experimentally feasible in currently available superconducting quantum circuits.
We present an experimental demonstration as well as a theoretical model of an integrated circuit designed for the manipulation of a microwave field down to the single-photon level. The device is made of a superconducting resonator coupled to a transmission line via a second frequency-tunable resonator. The tunable resonator can be used as a tunable coupler between the fixed resonator and the transmission line. Moreover, the manipulation of the microwave field between the two resonators is possible. In particular, we demonstrate the swapping of the field from one resonator to the other by pulsing the frequency detuning between the two resonators. The behavior of the system, which determines how the device can be operated, is analyzed as a function of one key parameter of the system, the damping ratio of the coupled resonators. We show a good agreement between experiments and simulations, realized by solving a set of coupled differential equations.
The quantum router is an elementary building block in quantum information processing and quantum communication. This work constitutes a step forward in this direction, i.e., an efficient scheme is proposed for the implementation of a nonreciprocal single-photon quantum router, allowing the routing of a single photon from one side but blocking it from the other side. Our model consists of two directly coupled coplanar-waveguide resonators and a superconducting ring resonator, which are connected together through a transmission line. The nonreciprocity is realized by unidirectionally interacting the rotating microwave modes of the ring resonator with a dissipative magnon mode in an yttrium iron garnet disk. We find that a single-photon signal can be delivered from a given input port to either of the two output ports, but is fully absorbed from the opposite one. The proposed scheme not only enriches the family of nonreciprocal quantum devices, but also finds useful applications in chiral quantum technologies.
The realization of a quantum network composed of quantum nodes which process quantum fields and quantum channels to transfer quantum information has recently been proposed. In recent years, fundamental experiments produced by superconducting circuits suggest that they are promising candidates for realization of a quantum network. Superconducting circuit QED can act as quantum nodes, which can be linked by quantum channels, to transfer flying microwave photons (quantum information) from site to site on chip with high fidelity. Therefore, controlling the propagating microwave photons on chip is an essential step towards realization of a quantum network.In this thesis, we demonstrate a specific quantum node, namely the single photon router. The active element of the router is a single three-level artificial atom, a superconducting transmon type qubit, strongly coupled to a superconducting 1D transmission line. Strong coupling between the artificial atom and propagating microwave photons, revealed in high degree scattering of the resonance waves, has been observed. By exploiting the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), we can route a single photon signal from an input port to either of two output ports with an on-off ratio of approximately 90%. The switching time of the router is shown to be a few nanoseconds, consistent with theoretical expectations and the device parameters. Besides the router, we also observed some fundamental phenomenon of single atom, such as strong nonlinearity, anomalous dispersion and the Mollow Triplet.This thesis describes the motivation, theoretical background, design, implementation and the measurement results.
Motivated by recent interest in implementing circuit quantum electrodynamics with semiconducting quantum dots, we consider a double quantum dot (DQD) capacitively coupled to a superconducting resonator that is driven by the microwave field of a superconducting transmission line. We analyze the DQD current response using input-output theory and show that the resonator-coupled DQD is a sensitive microwave single photon detector. Using currently available experimental parameters of DQD-resonator coupling and dissipation, including the effects of 1/f1/f1/f charge noise and phonon noise, we determine the parameter regime for which incident photons are completely absorbed and near-unit $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}98$% efficiency can be achieved. We show that this regime can be reached by using very high quality resonators with quality factor $Q\ensuremath{\simeq}{10}^{5}$.
We propose a frequency-tunable source to emit entangled microwave photons on the platform of a superconducting circuit, in which two superconducting transmission-line resonators are coupled via a capacitor and one resonator is inserted with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) in the center. By pumping the circuit appropriately with an external coherent microwave signal through the SQUID, microwave photons are emitted in pairs out of the circuit. The entanglement between the two modes is demonstrated by numerically calculating the second-order coherence function and the logarithmic negativity of the output microwave signals. Due to the tunability of SQUID’s equivalent inductance, the frequencies of the entangled microwave photons can be tuned by an external flux bias in situ. Our proposal paves a new way for obtaining entangled frequency-tunable two-mode microwave photons.
We propose and analyze a circuit that implements a nonlinear coupling between two superconducting microwave resonators. The resonators are coupled through a superconducting quantum interference device that terminates one of the resonators. This produces a nonlinear interaction of the standard optomechanical form, where the quadrature of one resonator couples to the photon number of the other resonator. The circuit therefore allows for all-electrical realizations of analogs to optomechanical systems, with coupling that can be both strong and tunable. We estimate the coupling strengths that should be attainable with the proposed device, and we find that the device is a promising candidate for realizing the single-photon strong-coupling regime. As a potential application, we discuss implementations of networks of nonlinearly coupled microwave resonators, which could be used in microwave-photon-based quantum simulation.