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Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry

HEISENBERG MODEL AND ITS APPLICATIONS TO π-CONJUGATED SYSTEMS

Shuhua Li, Jing Ma, Yuansheng Jiang

Published Oct 1, 2002• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper briefly reviewed the Heisenberg model and its improvement by including higher order corrections, and their applications to bond lengths, stability, and reactivity of non-benzenoids and the low-lying excitation spectra of conjugated systems. Two efficient computational methods, the Lanczos method and the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG), for exactly and approximately solving various Heisenberg models, respectively, were briefly introduced.

DOI
10.1142/s0219633602000270

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This paper briefly reviewed the Heisenberg model and its improvement by including higher order corrections, and their applications to bond lengths, stability, and reactivity of non-benzenoids and the low-lying excitation spectra of conjugated systems. Two efficient computational methods, the Lanczos method and the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG), for exactly and approximately solving various Heisenberg models, respectively, were briefly introduced.
In some cases the state of a quantum system with a large number of subsystems can be approximated efficiently by the density-matrix renormalization group, which makes use of redundancies in the description of the state. Here we show that the achievable efficiency can be much better when performing density-matrix renormalization group calculations in the Heisenberg picture, as only the observable of interest but not the entire state is considered. In some nontrivial cases, this approach can even be exact for finite bond dimensions.
One-dimensional and quasi-one-dimensional correlated fermionic models can be studied efficiently using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) method with open boundary conditions. Although the implementation of the conventional DMRG technique in investigating a fermionic model with a periodic boundary condition (PBC) is still challenging due to the demand of high computational facility, this work reports the efficient use of the symmetrized DMRG (SDMRG) technique in studying the low-lying correlated excited-states of radially π-conjugated cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP) and [n]cyclacene molecules within the Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) model Hamiltonian with adequate computational cost. The low-lying correlated singlet excited energies of [6]CPP calculated within the PPP model are in very good agreement with experiment. Compared to [6]CPP, the numerical accuracy of DMRG calculations for highly correlated [n]cyclacene depends on the number of DMEV basis (m). Such a study shows an efficient pathway to implement the SDMRG technique in studying fermionic systems with PBC in the future.
The ab-initio density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) is a tool that can be applied to a wide variety of interesting problems in quantum chemistry. Here, we examine the density matrix renormalization group from the vantage point of the quantum chemistry user. What kinds of problems is the DMRG well-suited to? What are the largest systems that can be treated at practical cost? What sort of accuracies can be obtained, and how do we reason about the computational difficulty in different molecules? By examining a diverse benchmark set of molecules: π-electron systems, benchmark main-group and transition metal dimers, and the Mn-oxo-salen and Fe-porphine organometallic compounds, we provide some answers to these questions, and show how the density matrix renormalization group is used in practice.
We present the theory of a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm which can solve for both the ground and excited states of non-Hermitian transcorrelated Hamiltonians and show applications in molecular systems. Transcorrelation (TC) accelerates the basis set convergence rate by including known physics (such as, but not limited to, the electron-electron cusp) in the Jastrow factor used for the similarity transformation. It also improves the accuracy of approximate methods such as coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) as shown by recent studies. However, the non-Hermiticity of the TC Hamiltonians poses challenges for variational methods like DMRG. Imaginary-time evolution on the matrix product state (MPS) in the DMRG framework has been proposed to circumvent this problem, but this is currently limited to treating the ground state and has lower efficiency than the time-independent DMRG (TI-DMRG) due to the need to eliminate Trotter errors. In this work, we show that with minimal changes to the existing TI-DMRG algorithm, namely, replacing the original Davidson solver with the general Davidson solver to solve the non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians at each site for a few low-lying right eigenstates, and following the rest of the original DMRG recipe, one can find the ground and excited states with improved efficiency compared to the original DMRG when extrapolating to the infinite bond dimension limit in the same basis set. An accelerated basis set convergence rate is also observed, as expected, within the TC framework.
We present the theory of a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm which can solve for both the ground and excited states of non-Hermitian transcorrelated Hamiltonians, and show applications in \emph{ab initio} molecular systems. Transcorrelation (TC) accelerates the basis set convergence rate by including known physics (such as, but not limited to, the electron-electron cusp) in the Jastrow factor used for the similarity transformation. It also improves the accuracy of approximate methods such as coupled cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) as shown by some recent studies. However, the non-Hermiticity of the TC Hamiltonians poses challenges for variational methods like DMRG. Imaginary-time evolution on the matrix product state (MPS) in the DMRG framework has been proposed to circumvent this problem; but this is currently limited to treating the ground state, and has lower efficiency than the time-independent DMRG (TI-DMRG), due to the need to eliminate Trotter errors. In this work, we show that with minimal changes to the existing TI-DMRG algorithm, namely replacing the original Davidson solver with the general Davidson solver to solve the non-Hermitian effective Hamiltonians at each site for a few low-lying right eigenstates, and following the rest of the original DMRG recipe, one can find the ground and excited states with improved efficiency compared to the original DMRG when extrapolating to the infinite bond dimension limit in the same basis set. Accelerated basis set convergence rate is also observed, as expected, within the TC framework.