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IEEE Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC)

A Optical Quantum Router Based on GHZ States

Jinsong Kuang

Published Mar 1, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Inspired by teleportation, we find that the GHZ state can be used to realize the quantum routing. This paper presents a scheme for optical implementation of a quantum router. The device directs the signal photonic qubit according to the control information. First we describe our proposal, showing the exact principle of operation on a optical scheme, the polarization state of the signal photon is undisturbed by control information under the routing operation, and the success probability can nearly reach up to 1/2. Subsequently, we discuss generalization of the scheme with multiple output ports, showing how to route signal qubit to any of the outputs.

DOI
10.1109/itnec.2019.8729077

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Inspired by teleportation, we find that the GHZ state can be used to realize the quantum routing. This paper presents a scheme for optical implementation of a quantum router. The device directs the signal photonic qubit according to the control information. First we describe our proposal, showing the exact principle of operation on a optical scheme, the polarization state of the signal photon is undisturbed by control information under the routing operation, and the success probability can nearly reach up to 1/2. Subsequently, we discuss generalization of the scheme with multiple output ports, showing how to route signal qubit to any of the outputs.
An all-linear-optical scheme for a fully featured quantum router is presented. This device directs the signal photonic qubit according to the state of one control photonic qubit. In the introduction we formulate the list of requirements imposed on a fully quantum router. Then we describe our proposal, showing the exact principle of operation on a linear-optical scheme. Subsequently we provide a generalization of the scheme in order to optimize the success probability by means of a tunable controlled-phase gate. Finally, we show how one can modify the device to route multiple signal qubits using the same control qubit.
In this paper, we propose a linear optical implementation scheme of the quantum router. A programming unit is designed. The quantum router makes use of devices which are experimentally realized easily. The signal can be routed into a superposition of output modes through the routing operation, and the spatial degree of freedom of each output mode is related to the control parameter. In addition, the strategy of multistage routing is also exploited on the basis of this router model, and it can exponentially expand the number of output ports. The quantum router is deterministic, rather than probabilistic, no matter how many output ports the quantum router has.
For several decades, scientists have been aware of significant benefits allowing quantum information processing technologies to surpass their classical counterparts. Recent technological development allows these benefits to be tested experimentally and in some cases also implemented in practical devices. So far the majority of experimental quantum networks was limited to peer-to-peer communications between two parties. Practical implementation of quantum communications networks, however, needs to address the problem of scalability to serve large numbers of users. Similarly to classical computer networks, their quantum counterparts would require routing protocols to direct the signal from its source to destination. Devices implementing these routing protocols are called quantum routers and have recently been subject of an intense research. In this paper, we report on experimental implementation of a linear-optical quantum router. Our device allows single-photon polarization-encoded qubits to be routed coherently into two spatial output modes depending on the state of two identical control qubits. The polarization qubit state of the routed photon is maintained during the routing operation. The success probability of our scheme can be increased up to 25% making it the most efficient linear-optical quantum router developed to this date.
The realization of the all-optical router with multiple input ports and output ports will have direct application to achieve the quantum network. We present a scheme of all-optical routing of coherent-state photons in a waveguide-cavity coupled system. Our router has four input ports and four output ports. The routing of photons is based on the interference. The outcomes show that the transport of the coherent-state photons injected through any input port can be controlled by the phases of the coherent-state photons injected through other input ports. This control can be realized at the single-photon level and requires no additional control fields. Therefore, the all-optical routing at single-photon level can be achieved.
Quantum router is an essential element in the quantum network. Here, we present a fully quantum router based on interaction free measurement and quantum dots. The signal photonic qubit can be routed to different output ports according to one control electronic qubit. Besides, our scheme is an interferometric method capable of routing single photons carrying either spin angular momentum (SAM) or orbital angular momentum (OAM), or simultaneously carrying SAM and OAM. Then we describe a cascaded multi-level quantum router to construct a one-to-many quantum router. Subsequently we analyze the success probability by using a tunable controlled phase gate. The implementation issues are also discussed to show that this scheme is feasible.
The router is a key element for a network. We describe a scheme to realize genuine quantum routing of single-photon pulses based on cascading of conditional quantum gates in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and report a proof-of-principle experiment for its demonstration using linear optics quantum gates. The polarization of the control photon routes in a coherent way the path of the signal photon while preserving the qubit state of the signal photon represented by its polarization. We demonstrate quantum nature of this router by showing entanglement generated between the initially unentangled control and signal photons, and confirm that the qubit state of the signal photon is well preserved by the router through quantum process tomography.