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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Coupling single atoms to micro-ring photonic resonators

Brian D. Fields, May E. Kim, Tzu-Han Chang, Cheng-An Chen, Chen-Lung Hung

Published May 28, 2019• 0 citations
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Abstract The coupling of atomic and photonic resonances serves as an important tool for enhancing light‐matter interactions and enables the observation of multitude of fascinating and fundamental phenomena. Here, by exploiting the platform of atomic‐cladding wave guides, the resonant coupling of rubidium vapor and an atomic cladding micro ring resonator is experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, cavity‐atom coupling in the form of Fano resonances having a distinct dependency on the relative frequency detuning between the photonic and the atomic resonances is observed. Moreover, significant enhancement of the efficiency of all optical switching in the V‐type pump‐probe scheme is demonstrated. The coupled system of micro‐ring resonator and atomic vapor is a promising building block for a variety of light vapor experiments, as it offers a very small footprint, high degree of integration and extremely strong confinement of light and vapor. As such it may be used for important applications, such as all optical switching, dispersion engineering (e.g. slow and fast light) and metrology, as well as for the observation of important effects such as strong coupling, and Purcell enhancement. image

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Recently, many researchers focus on the integration of single photon sources on an optical chip toward the realization of large-scale quantum information processing.Identical single photons are required to obtain good interference between photons for quantum information processing, for which high "spectral purity" of single photons is required.An appealing scheme is employing the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon micro-ring resonator (MRR) because it allows us to generate high-purity photons without external spectral filters.However, the purity value is limited to 0.92 due to the dispersion property of an MRR We have developed a new scheme to further increase the spectral purity from an MRR by manipulating the spectral phase distribution of the pump pulse.Via exploring several strategies on the spectral phase modulation, we found that the purity of single photon can be increased up to approximately 0.96 breaking the conventional limitation of 0.92 in a standard MRR.We further explore the experimental feasibility of the scheme toward future implementation.

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Efficient and bright single photon sources on photonic chips are key to scaling quantum technologies. Spontaneous four wave mixing in micro-ring resonators creates excellent narrowband and tunable photon sources. We experimentally demonstrate the optimization of heralding efficiency and brightness by tuning the coupling of the pump, signal and idler modes into the resonator whilst operating in a pulsed pump regime. We observe a maximum detected pair rate of over 93,000~coincidences per second in a moderately over-coupled regime, alongside a high intrinsic idler heralding efficiency of 97.87$\pm$8.97\% when operating close to maximal over-coupling. The measured dependence on coupling strength is in strong agreement with theoretical predictions, experimentally validating the predicted trade-off between brightness and heralding efficiency.

quant-pharXiv:2602.06790•Feb 9, 2026•0 citations
Abstract The coupling of atomic and photonic resonances serves as an important tool for enhancing light‐matter interactions and enables the observation of multitude of fascinating and fundamental phenomena. Here, by exploiting the platform of atomic‐cladding wave guides, the resonant coupling of rubidium vapor and an atomic cladding micro ring resonator is experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, cavity‐atom coupling in the form of Fano resonances having a distinct dependency on the relative frequency detuning between the photonic and the atomic resonances is observed. Moreover, significant enhancement of the efficiency of all optical switching in the V‐type pump‐probe scheme is demonstrated. The coupled system of micro‐ring resonator and atomic vapor is a promising building block for a variety of light vapor experiments, as it offers a very small footprint, high degree of integration and extremely strong confinement of light and vapor. As such it may be used for important applications, such as all optical switching, dispersion engineering (e.g. slow and fast light) and metrology, as well as for the observation of important effects such as strong coupling, and Purcell enhancement. image
Recently, many researchers focus on the integration of single photon sources on an optical chip toward the realization of large-scale quantum information processing.Identical single photons are required to obtain good interference between photons for quantum information processing, for which high "spectral purity" of single photons is required.An appealing scheme is employing the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon micro-ring resonator (MRR) because it allows us to generate high-purity photons without external spectral filters.However, the purity value is limited to 0.92 due to the dispersion property of an MRR We have developed a new scheme to further increase the spectral purity from an MRR by manipulating the spectral phase distribution of the pump pulse.Via exploring several strategies on the spectral phase modulation, we found that the purity of single photon can be increased up to approximately 0.96 breaking the conventional limitation of 0.92 in a standard MRR.We further explore the experimental feasibility of the scheme toward future implementation.
Efficient and bright single photon sources on photonic chips are key to scaling quantum technologies. Spontaneous four wave mixing in micro-ring resonators creates excellent narrowband and tunable photon sources. We experimentally demonstrate the optimization of heralding efficiency and brightness by tuning the coupling of the pump, signal and idler modes into the resonator whilst operating in a pulsed pump regime. We observe a maximum detected pair rate of over 93,000~coincidences per second in a moderately over-coupled regime, alongside a high intrinsic idler heralding efficiency of 97.87$\pm$8.97\% when operating close to maximal over-coupling. The measured dependence on coupling strength is in strong agreement with theoretical predictions, experimentally validating the predicted trade-off between brightness and heralding efficiency.