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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Vacuum mediated dipole-dipole interaction and collective Lamb shift in circuit QED systems

Kuan-Ting Lin, Ting Hsu, I.-C. Hoi, Guin-Dar Lin

Published May 30, 2019• 0 citations
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It is known that the electromagnetic vacuum is responsible for the Lamb shift, which is a crucial phenomenon in quantum electrodynamics (QED). In circuit QED, the readout or bus resonators that are dispersively coupled can result in a significant Lamb shift of the qubit. However, previous approaches or proposals for controlling the Lamb shift in circuit QED demand overheads in circuit designs or non-perturbative renormalization of the system’s eigenbases, which can impose formidable limitations. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an all-microwave method for controlling the Lamb shift of fixed-frequency transmons. We employ the drive-induced longitudinal coupling between the transmon and resonator. By simply using an off-resonant monochromatic drive near the resonator frequency, we can control the net Lamb shift up to ±30 MHz and engineer it to zero with the drive-induced longitudinal coupling without facing the aforementioned challenges. Our work establishes an efficient way of engineering the fundamental effects of the electromagnetic vacuum and provides greater flexibility in non-parametric frequency controls of multilevel systems. Engineering the Lamb shifts of superconducting qubits opens new opportunities in resonant frequency tunings and other applications. Here, the authors devise and demonstrate an all-microwave approach that can be utilized with fixed-frequency superconducting qubits.
Finding a comprehensive and general description of the collective Lamb shift and cooperative broadening in a radiatively interacting system is a long-standing open question. Both energy levels and linewidth of individual atoms are modified by the exchange of real and virtual photons making up the dipole-dipole interaction. We introduce a method to theoretically study weakly-driven, low-excited ensembles of two-level atoms, and obtain an analytic description of the collective Lamb shift and linewidth via a self-consistent formalism including infinite order of correlations which stem from only two-body interactions. We predict the dependency of these quantities, as measurables, on system parameters: the number density of the ensemble, the detuning of an external probe field, and the geometry of the sample.