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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Transition in Wave Behavior on a Superfluid Vortex at Large Excitation Amplitude

Rena J. Zieve, Josephine Spiegelberg, Andrew Diggs

Published Mar 7, 2019• 0 citations
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Dynamical counterflow effects on vortex evolution under the truncated Gross-Pitaevskii equation are investigated. Standard longitudinal mutual-friction effects are produced and a dilatation of vortex rings is obtained at large counterflows. A strong temperature-dependent anomalous slowdown of vortex rings is observed and attributed to the presence of thermally excited Kelvin waves. This generic effect of finite-temperature superfluids is estimated using energy equipartition and orders of magnitude are given for weakly interacting Bose-Einstein condensates and superfluid 4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He. The relevance of thermally excited Kelvin waves is discussed in the context of quantum turbulence.
We consider the scattering of an acoustic wave from a vortex induced by optical superradiance. The vortex is created by pumping a large amount of angular momentum with a Laguerre-Gaussian light beam in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate. We derive the mean-field dynamical equations of the light-superfluid system, and obtain the equations governing the elementary excitation of the system, which result in a massless Klein-Gordon equation with source terms. This equation describes the propagation of the sound wave in an effective space-time. Employing a simplifying draining bathtub model for the vortex, we investigate the scattering of the acoustic wave in the vortex phase and obtain a condition for the acoustic superradiance. We conclude that Laguerre-Gaussian-beam-induced sudden transition from homogeneous to vortex state in the superfluid leads to a prominent observation of the acoustic superradiance.