This report, coordinated by the superconducting quantum computing team at the UK National Physical Laboratory, summarises our view of the state of the art in superconducting quantum computing (SQC) and the real-life problems that this technology is likely to be able to tackle in the short term and over a longer perspective. It also analyses the scientific and engineering expertise, specialist facilities, and other resources for SQC readily available in the UK and those we are missing. Based on this analysis the paper makes a projection of what the country could realistically achieve in a `space race' for quantum computing capability in different investment scenarios.
This report, coordinated by the superconducting quantum computing team at the UK National Physical Laboratory, summarises our view of the state of the art in superconducting quantum computing (SQC) and the real-life problems that this technology is likely to be able to tackle in the short term and over a longer perspective. It also analyses the scientific and engineering expertise, specialist facilities, and other resources for SQC readily available in the UK and those we are missing. Based on this analysis the paper makes a projection of what the country could realistically achieve in a `space race' for quantum computing capability in different investment scenarios.
The emergence of quantum computing technology over the last decade indicates the potential for a transformational impact in the study of quantum mechanical systems. It is natural to presume that such computing technologies would be valuable to large scientific institutions, such as United States national laboratories. However, detailed descriptions of what these institutions would like to use these computers for are limited. To help provide some initial insights into this topic, this report develops detailed use cases of how quantum computing technology could be utilized to enhance a variety of quantum physics research activities at Los Alamos National Laboratory, including quantum magnetic materials, high-temperature superconductivity and nuclear astrophysics simulations. The report discusses how current high-performance computers are used for scientific discovery today and develops detailed descriptions of the types of quantum physics simulations that Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists would like to conduct, if a sufficient computing technology became available. While the report strives to highlight the breadth of potential application areas for quantum computation, this investigation has also indicated that many more use cases exist at Los Alamos National Laboratory, which could be documented in similar detail with sufficient time and effort.
Superconducting quantum computing (SQC) has achieved remarkable progress in recent years, garnering significant scientific and technological interests. This review provides a concise overview of the historical development of SQC, detailing fabrication methodologies for superconducting quantum chips and implementations of quantum gate operations. It compiles experimental progress in SQC over the past few years, including the preparation of multi-qubit entangled states, random circuit sampling experiments, demonstrations of quantum error correction based on surface codes, error mitigation techniques and quantum simulations. This review also discusses experimental progress related to boson-encoded qubits, fluxoniums and qudits. Finally, the current challenges in scaling are analyzed, and potential solutions for addressing these limitations are explored.
The global race to build the world's first quantum computer has attracted enormous investment from government and industry, and it attracts a growing pool of talent. As with many cutting-edge technologies, the optimal implementation is not yet settled. This important textbook describes four of the most advanced platforms for quantum computing: nuclear magnetic resonance, quantum optics, trapped ions, and superconducting systems. The fundamental physical concepts underpinning the practical implementation of quantum computing are reviewed, followed by a balanced analysis of the strengths and weaknesses inherent to each type of hardware. The text includes more than 80 carefully designed exercises with worked solutions available to instructors, applied problems from key scenarios, and suggestions for further reading, facilitating a practical and expansive learning experience. Suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and computer science, Building Quantum Computers is an invaluable resource for this emerging field.
Quantum computing is one of the evolving fields within computer science. It leverages benefits from physics, mathematics, and quantum principles in order to develop a computer with capabilities not ever witnessed before. Such a computer is based on complex physics and is able to store and process data in units of "qubits" that enable electronics or photons to be available in more than one state simultaneously. A distinguishing characteristic of a quantum computer is its ability to perform certain calculations and solve or simulate complex problems exponentially faster than classical computers. From a governmental perspective, such a technology is a double-edged sword. A quantum computer that is able to break public-key cryptography may pose threats due to its potential to leak confidential and sensitive government information. On the other hand, quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution can lead to a secured communication where exchanged data are secured against cyber-attacks. Despite the absence of a fully realized quantum computer model, governments worldwide recognize the substantial potential of quantum technology to drive economic development and safeguard critical national security data, they have actively positioned themselves in the race to advance quantum technology. This survey reviews the research and development of several branches of quantum computing used for critical national infrastructures. It aims to map potential use cases of quantum computing with critical national infrastructure applications. The survey is divided into two main sections, namely, quantum communication and cryptography, and quantum networks, where each of these is further reviewed from different angles. This includes opportunities and challenges quantum computing can pose for governmental communications. Also, it reviews the advancement of quantum satellites and quantum drones for establishing a reliable quantum network. In addition, it touches on the use of quantum technologies within the realm of space. From the reviewed studies in this survey, it is concluded that despite the substantial effort and research in the quantum computing field, the practical integration of quantum computing into national infrastructure needs to be further studied to assess its implementation feasibility.
Quantum computing is a novel method of computation that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to handle highly challenging situations in a very short amount of time. Quantum technology has the ability to significantly impact worldwide advancement, even prior to the complete deployment of quantum machines. Quantum technology for communication, computation, and sensors has the capacity to revolutionise many industries, and several nations are making investments in this promising field. This includes research investments from both the public and commercial sectors. This article delves into the recent quantum computing advancements and the potential opportunities made possible by quantum technology in the next few decades. We outline a vision and scientific innovation for embracing the quantum age, as well as explore the pioneering applications of quantum computing. We also highlight software tools and platforms for quantum programming to unlock the power of computing and revolutionize the world. Finally, we identify the groundbreaking impacts of quantum computing on next-generation research and discuss the benefits of unleashing its revolutionary capabilities.
Nowadays, with the continuous progress of science and technology, the role of quantum computers has received more attention and gradually become a part of national strategies. Many countries, such as the United States, China, and Japan, have invested a lot of resources in research and development, striving to make breakthroughs and take the lead in this field, in order to meet the coming of the future computing era. Superconducting quantum computers are the most widely used computers at the moment. Based on the introduction of Josephson junction, the physical principle of superconducting quantum computers, this paper analyses the advantages and disadvantages of multiple quantum bits as well as the algorithms of various quantum gates in superconducting quantum computers. Moreover, the author also looks forward to the development of the related technologies of superconducting quantum computers. Finally, corresponding suggestions are put forward for some current problems.