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Physical Review A

Ultrafast parametric process in a photonic-crystal nanocavity switch

Per Lunnemann, Yi Yu, Kristoffer B. Joanesarson, Jesper Mørk

Published May 23, 2019• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experimental and theoretical investigations of ultrafast coherent dynamics in a photonic-crystal point-defect nanocavity. The experimental investigations are carried out using a versatile heterodyne pump-probe setup giving access to wavelength and time-resolved dynamics. We find that parametric processes originating from coherent interactions between the pump and the probe lead to characteristic and clearly distinguishable features in the time-resolved dynamics. The parametric process is caused by fast oscillations of spatially trapped carriers, with the nanocavity acting to enhance the optical fields and thereby the strength of these processes. This interpretation is confirmed by the good agreement that is obtained with a theoretical model, which extends previous works by taking into account wave-mixing effects among the probe and pump pulse. The physics behind the parametric process is explained in detail and a simple expression is derived for the conditions under which coherent interactions lead to high-transmission bands for the probe pulses. These results are important for understanding how coherent effects can be used to improve the dynamical properties of nanocavity switches.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.99.053835

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We report experimental and theoretical investigations of ultrafast coherent dynamics in a photonic-crystal point-defect nanocavity. The experimental investigations are carried out using a versatile heterodyne pump-probe setup giving access to wavelength and time-resolved dynamics. We find that parametric processes originating from coherent interactions between the pump and the probe lead to characteristic and clearly distinguishable features in the time-resolved dynamics. The parametric process is caused by fast oscillations of spatially trapped carriers, with the nanocavity acting to enhance the optical fields and thereby the strength of these processes. This interpretation is confirmed by the good agreement that is obtained with a theoretical model, which extends previous works by taking into account wave-mixing effects among the probe and pump pulse. The physics behind the parametric process is explained in detail and a simple expression is derived for the conditions under which coherent interactions lead to high-transmission bands for the probe pulses. These results are important for understanding how coherent effects can be used to improve the dynamical properties of nanocavity switches.
We report time domain observation of vacuum Rabi oscillations in a single quantum dot strongly coupled to a nanocavity under incoherent optical carrier injection. We realize a photonic crystal nanocavity with a very high quality factor of >80000>80\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000>80000 and employ it to clearly resolve the ultrafast vacuum Rabi oscillations by simple photoluminescence-based experiments. We found that the time domain vacuum Rabi oscillations were largely modified when changing the pump wavelength and intensity, even when marginal changes were detected in the corresponding photoluminescence spectra. We analyze the measured time domain oscillations by fitting to simulation curves obtained with a cavity quantum electrodynamics model. The observed modifications of the oscillation curves were mainly induced by the change in the carrier capture and dephasing dynamics in the quantum dot, as well as the change in bare-cavity emission. This result suggests that vacuum Rabi oscillations can be utilized as a highly sensitive probe for the quantum-dot dynamics. Our work points out a powerful alternative to conventional spectral-domain measurements for a deeper understanding of the vacuum Rabi dynamics in quantum-dot-based--cavity quantum electrodynamics systems.
We explore optical bistability and degenerate four-wave mixing of a hybrid optical system composed of a photonic crystal nanocavity, a single nitrogen-vacancy center embedded in the cavity, and a nearby photonic waveguide serving for in- and outcoupling of light into the cavity in the weak-coupling regime. Here the hybrid system is coherently driven by a continuous-wave bichromatic laser field consisting of a strong control field and a weak probe field. We take account of the nonlinear nature of the nitrogen-vacancy center in the Heisenberg-Langevin equations and give an effective perturbation method to deal with such problems in the continuous-wave-operation regime. The results clearly show that the bistability region of the population inversion and the intensity of the generated four-wave mixing field can be well controlled by properly adjusting the system practical parameters. The nanophotonic platform can be used to implement our proposal. This investigation may be useful for gaining further insight into the properties of solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics system and find applications in all-optical wavelength converter and switch in a photonic crystal platform.
Summary form only given. We implement coherent population oscillation and carrier-induced nonlinear refractive index in a semiconductor active nanocavity to strongly increase the photonic lifetime and manipulate its optical response.The so-called photonic crystal L3 cavity, given by three missing holes in a 2D photonic crystal (2D-PhC), is an emblematic illustration of a nanocavity with strong light confinement due to high-Q resonance and small mode volume [1]. Strong electronic confinement can also be achieved provided the cavity contains active semiconductor nanostructures such as quantum wells (QWs) or dots. These two effects lead to the enhancement of the light-matter interaction and, potentially, to a modification of photonic, electronic and thermal characteristic times. Thus, semiconductor 2D-PhC L3 nanocavities are excellent candidates for the implementation of advanced nonlinear photonic interactions. In this work we study the combined effects of both coherent population oscillation (CPO) and carrier-induced nonlinear dephasing in the photon lifetime of a L3 cavity incorporating 4 InGaAsP/InGaAs QWs. The CPO induces a decrease of the group velocity through a strong dispersion of the refractive index (i.e. slow light effect) while the nonlinear phase shift, if implemented close to the bistability threshold, ends up with a strong slowing down of the optical response. The resulting cavity lifetime strongly depends on the control parameters. It is then possible to actively control the photon lifetime of the nanocavity, to enhance its quality factor, to achieve differential amplification under the slow-light regime and to benefit from frequency pulling During this presentation we will discuss theoretically [1] all these aspects with respect to the role of CPO and dynamical nonlinear responses. We will further present recent experimental results [2] demonstrating the enhancement by two orders of magnitude of the cavity lifetime together with the frequency pulling effect.Γ
Abstract Controlling the flow of light on-chip is of great importance for quantum computing and optical signal processing. In this paper, we present a theoretical study to reveal the underlying physics of how to effectively trap, store and release a signal pulse, and eventually break the delay-bandwidth limit, based on controllable EIT-like effect in dynamically tuned standing-wave cascaded nanocavities. Using this mechanism, we design a compact silicon photonic crystal system with long storing time and a delay-bandwidth product over 460, which is about two orders of magnitude greater than the reported results obtained by other methods based on static resonator system, and the trapped signal pulse can be released on demand.
The effect of parametric coupling between pump and probe beams in time-resolved optical Kerr effect is theoretically discussed for various experimental configurations. It is shown that with a cicularly polarized pump beam, the polarization changes induced on a nearly collinear probe beam are due to this coherence effect only. In other configurations, this parametric coupling can appear as an additional contribution to the observed signal, especially when pump and probe are derived from the same laser beam. It is pointed out that this coupling can occur not only when the pump and probe beams are at the same wavelength, but also when the difference or the sum of their frequencies can excite a Raman or a two-photon resonance in the medium.