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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Random access quantum information processing in multimode cavities 2

Srivatsan Chakram, Ravi Naik, Nelson L. C. Leung, Yao Lu, Akash V. Dixit, Nathan Earnest, Peter Groszkowski, David C. McKay, Jens Koch, David Schuster

Published Mar 5, 2018• 0 citations
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In this thesis, we examine an extension of circuit quantum electrodynamics (QED), cavity QED using superconducting circuits, that utilizes multimode cavities as a resource for quantum information processing. We focus on the issue of qubit connectivity in the processors, with an ideal processor having random access -- the ability of arbitrary qubit pairs to interact directly. Here, we implement a random access superconducting quantum information processor, demonstrating universal operations on a nine-qubit memory, with a Josephson junction transmon circuit serving as the central processor. The quantum memory is a multimode cavity, using the eigenmodes of a linear array of coupled superconducting resonators. We selectively stimulate vacuum Rabi oscillations between the transmon and individual eigenmodes through parametric flux modulation of the transmon frequency. Utilizing these oscillations, we perform a universal set of quantum gates on 38 arbitrary pairs of modes and prepare multimode entangled states, all using only two control lines. We thus achieve hardware-efficient random access multi-qubit control. We also explore a novel design for creating long-lived 3D cavity memories compatible with this processor. Dubbed the ``quantum flute'', this design is monolithic, avoiding the loss suffered by cavities with a seam between multiple parts. We demonstrate the ability to manipulate the spectrum of a multimode cavity and also measure photon lifetimes of 0.5-1.3 ms for 21 modes. The combination of long-lived quantum memories with random access makes for a promising architecture for quantum computing moving forward.
Multimode cavity quantum electrodynamics-where a two-level system interacts simultaneously with many cavity modes-provides a versatile framework for quantum information processing and quantum optics. Because of the combination of long coherence times and large interaction strengths, one of the leading experimental platforms for cavity QED involves coupling a superconducting circuit to a 3D microwave cavity. In this work, we realize a 3D multimode circuit QED system with single photon lifetimes of 2 ms across 9 modes of a novel seamless cavity. We demonstrate a variety of protocols for universal single-mode quantum control applicable across all cavity modes, using only a single drive line. We achieve this by developing a straightforward flute method for creating monolithic superconducting microwave cavities that reduces loss while simultaneously allowing control of the mode spectrum and mode-qubit interaction. We highlight the flexibility and ease of implementation of this technique by using it to fabricate a variety of 3D cavity geometries, providing a template for engineering multimode quantum systems with exceptionally low dissipation. This work is an important step towards realizing hardware efficient random access quantum memories and processors, and for exploring quantum many-body physics with photons.