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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Long-Haul Transfer of Optical Frequencies in Free Space

Hyun Jay Kang, Jaewon Yang, Young‐Jin Kim, Seung‐Woo Kim

Published May 5, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experimental results of concurrent transfer of multiple optical frequencies, coherently generated from an optical frequency comb, over an 18 km free-space link with realtime compensation of atmospheric phase noise. © 2019 The Author(s)
DOI
10.23919/cleo.2019.8749177

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Generating multiple optical frequencies referenced to the frequency standard is an important task in optical clock dissemination and optical communication. An apparatus for frequency-comb-referenced generation of multiple optical frequencies is demonstrated for high-precision free-space transfer of multiple optical frequencies. The relative linewidth and frequency instability at each channel corresponds to sub-1 Hz and 1.06×10-15 at 10 s averaging time, respectively. During the free-space transfer, the refractive index change of transmission media caused by atmospheric turbulences induces phase and frequency noise on optical frequencies. These phase and frequency noise causes induced linewidth broadening and frequency shift in optical frequencies which can disturb the accurate frequency transfer. The proposed feedback loop with acousto-optic modulator can monitor and compensate phase/frequency noise on optical frequencies. As a result, a frequency-comb-referenced single optical mode is compensated with a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 80 dB. By sharing the same optical paths, this feedback loop is confirmed to be successfully transferred to the neighboring wavelength channels (a 100 GHz spaced channel). This result confirms our proposed system can transfer optical frequencies to the remote site in free-space without performance degradation.
High-precision optical frequency transfer through free-space links will enable advances in fields ranging from coherent optical communication and satellite Doppler ranging, to tests of general relativity and fundamental physics. Previous work has focused on two-way time and frequency transfer techniques using optical frequency combs. Here the authors show that a continuous-wave coherent link can exceed the fractional frequency stability of frequency-comb methods by an order of magnitude. They also highlight and discuss the technical hurdles to implementing similar links over the distances required to reach low Earth orbit.
SummaryPrecise and stable coherent optical frequency transfer over long-haul fiber link is required by diverse scientific applications, such as large-scale optical clock networks, global positioning and timing, very-long baseline interferometry, and high-sensitivity tests of fundamental physics. To meet the needs of the above applications, active compensation schemes for cancelling fiber-induced phase noise has developed considerably over the past ten years. However, optical signal severely reduces across distant fiber-optic networks, which degrades optical beat signal and feedback control.Here, we adopt active phase compensation and bidirectional optical frequency locking to achieve ultra-stable optical carrier transfer. The phase noise of the fiber link is effectively suppressed, meanwhile, the ultra-stable optical frequency signal is regenerated accurately at the remote site.Preliminary experiment over 100 km fiber link indicates that the additional frequency stability exhibits 1.9×10-16and 2.5×10-17at an averaging time of 1 s and 100 s, respectively. This approach has a capacity of extending to the parallel transfer of microwave and optical frequency, and free-space optical frequency transfer.
Abstract An optical frequency transfer at a wavelength of 1542 nm via an ultra-stable 5-m free-space link with active compensation of the phase noise caused by atmospheric fluctuations is demonstrated. The link-induced phase noise and its contribution to the frequency transfer instability are investigated. It is shown that, with the phase compensation system switched on, the link contribution to the relative transfer instability in terms of Allan deviation reaches 1.7 × 10−19 for a 5000-s averaging time.