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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Quantum Acoustics with Lithium Niobate Nanocavities

Patricio Arrangoiz-Arriola, E. Alex Wollack, Marek Pechal, Wentao Jiang, Zhaoyou Wang, Timothy P. McKenna, Amir H. Safavi‐Naeini

Published May 5, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We couple a superconducting qubit to a piezoelectric nanome-chanical resonator fabricated from thin film lithium niobate (LN). The sizeable piezoelectric coefficient of LN leads to a coupling rate $g/2\pi > 15 \text{MHz}$ allowing quantum operations.

DOI
10.23919/cleo.2019.8748939

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We couple a superconducting qubit to a piezoelectric nanome-chanical resonator fabricated from thin film lithium niobate (LN). The sizeable piezoelectric coefficient of LN leads to a coupling rate g/2π>15MHzg/2\pi > 15 \text{MHz}g/2π>15MHz allowing quantum operations.
We propose an architecture for microwave quantum information processing based on high-Q microwave mechanical resonators coupled to a superconducting qubit. Detailed calculations of the error budget show that there is a trade-off between cross-talk and amplitude damping that leads to an optimal value of g on the order of 10 MHz. Obtaining such g's in a nanomechanical systems requires a material with a large piezoelectric coefficient and hence we fabricate our resonators from thin-film lithium niobate (LN). We demonstrate a fabricated device integrating a superconducting qubit with LN nanomechanical resonators as a first step to microwave superconducting qubits.
Thin-film lithium niobate (LN) has become an enabling platform in the development of quantum integrated circuits, for applications including microwave-to-optical converters and electromechanical transducers. Incorporation of high-quality planar superconducting resonators will further elevate the performance of these devices. However, alongside the desired interactions originated from LN, its piezoelectric nature also introduces parasitic coupling between microwave and phononic modes, resulting in excessive dielectric loss. In this work, we investigate such coupling by studying niobium nitride resonators directly deposited on patterned LN thin films. By varying device configuration, we pinpoint that overlapping electric field with LN can inadvertently excite bulk acoustic modes within the substrate, inducing microwave loss independent of the acoustic dissipation rate. The experimental results are supported by simulation and theoretical modeling. Our approach can be applied to different piezoelectric systems and provide insights into the design of microwave components for quantum transduction devices.
Coherent transduction of quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain can play a key role in quantum networking and distributed quantum computing. We present the design of a piezo-optomechanical device formed in a hybrid lithium niobate on silicon platform, that is suitable for microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. Our design is based on acoustic hybridization of an ultra-low mode volume piezoacoustic cavity with an optomechanical crystal cavity. The strong piezoelectric nature of lithium niobate allows us to mediate transduction via an acoustic mode which only minimally interacts with the lithium niobate, and is predominantly silicon-like, with very low electrical and acoustic loss. We estimate that this transducer can realize an intrinsic conversion efficiency of up to 35% with <0.5 added noise quanta when resonantly coupled to a superconducting transmon qubit and operated in pulsed mode at 10 kHz repetition rate. The performance improvement gained in such hybrid lithium niobate-silicon transducers make them suitable for heralded entanglement of qubits between superconducting quantum processors connected by optical fiber links.