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Chinese Physics Letters

Implementation of Full Spin-State Interferometer*

Peng-Ju Tang, Peng Peng, Xiangyu Dong, Xuzong Chen, Xiaoji Zhou

Published May 1, 2019• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Matter-wave interferometers with spin quantum states are attractive in quantum manipulation and precision measurements. Here, five spatial interference patterns corresponding to the full spin states are observed in each run of the experiment, by the combination of the Majorana transition according to the exponential modulation of the magnetic field pulse decline curve and radio frequency coupling among multiple magnetic sub-states. Compared to the realization of two Majorana transitions, the interference fringe for the magnetic field insensitive state also has a higher contrast. After spatially overlapping the full magnetic sub-state interference patterns dozens of times in consecutive experimental measurements, clear fringes are still observed, indicating the great stability of the relative phases of different components. This indicates the potential to achieve an interferometer with multiple spin clocks.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/36/5/050301

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Matter-wave interferometers with spin quantum states are attractive in quantum manipulation and precision measurements. Here, five spatial interference patterns corresponding to the full spin states are observed in each run of the experiment, by the combination of the Majorana transition according to the exponential modulation of the magnetic field pulse decline curve and radio frequency coupling among multiple magnetic sub-states. Compared to the realization of two Majorana transitions, the interference fringe for the magnetic field insensitive state also has a higher contrast. After spatially overlapping the full magnetic sub-state interference patterns dozens of times in consecutive experimental measurements, clear fringes are still observed, indicating the great stability of the relative phases of different components. This indicates the potential to achieve an interferometer with multiple spin clocks.
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We report on the realization of various nine-wave atom polarization interference experiments using pulsed magnetic fields. Diabatic transitions by rapid changes in the applied magnetic-field direction are used to coherently manipulate the spin coherences of cold cesium atoms. A large number of high-contrast sharply peaked fringes are obtained by state-selecting the outcoming cloud. Atom optical components similar to crystal wave plates are implemented. The spin dynamics is studied under various experimental procedures. When the applied field is homogeneous, the nondispersive character of the phase shift is evidenced. Fringe blurring related to inhomogeneous effects is discussed.
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We realize a double-path multimode matter wave interferometer with spinor Bose-Einstein condensate and observe clear spatial interference fringes as well as a periodic change of the visibility in the time domain, which we refer to as the time domain interference and which is different from the traditional double-path interferometer. By changing the relative phase of the two paths, we find that the spatial fringes first lose coherence and recover. As the number of modes increases, the time domain interference signal with the narrower peaks is observed, which is beneficial to the improvement of the resolution of the phase measurement. We also investigated the influence of initial phase configuration and phase evolution rate between different modes in the two paths. With enhanced resolution, the sensitivity of interferometric measurements of physical observables can also be improved by properly assigning measurable quantities to the relative phase between two paths.
Matter-wave interferometers, either with electrons, atoms or molecules, owe their sensitivity to the accuracy of phase-shift measurements. One may, however, raise the question whether the shift undergone by interference fringes, when external forces are applied, actually differs from the shift of classical trajectories. For the case of a magnetic perturbation, we provide experimental evidence and a vector demonstration that interference patterns only undergo a global shift. The experiment is performed with the photodetachment microscope, with a uniform magnetic field superimposed over the whole volume accessible to the interfering electron. Identity of the fringe and trajectory shifts is established for any two-wave interferometer using charged particles, submitted to a magnetic field.
We present an atom interferometer based on the interference of three partial matter waves in three different internal and external states. Coherent laser excitation acts as a beamsplitter to create a superposition state of the ground state and two Zeeman sublevels of the metastable state of magnesium atoms. The interference pattern of the output ports shows high contrast and the characteristics of three-beam interferences as known from optical interferometry. In comparison to two-beam interferometry a reduction of the fringe width of (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)% is observed. This offers various possibilities for improved measurements of quantum-mechanical phases due to the internal atomic-state sensitive coupling of external potentials. This is demonstrated for the interaction of magnesium atoms with an external magnetic field.