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Quantum Electronics

Investigation of the possibility of ultra-deep laser cooling using a quadrupole transition

Anastasia Kirpichnikova, Прудников Олег Николаевич, David Wilkowski

Published May 8, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We consider the kinetics of atoms in nonuniform spatially polarised light fields resonant to the quadrupole optical transition with F g → F e = F g + 2 (F g,e is the total angular momentum in the ground and excited states). The lowest possible temperatures of laser cooling of atoms are analysed numerically and the results are compared with the data obtained for sub-Doppler cooling using light waves resonant to electric dipole optical transitions.

DOI
10.1070/qel16999

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Abstract We consider the kinetics of atoms in nonuniform spatially polarised light fields resonant to the quadrupole optical transition with F g → F e = F g + 2 (F g,e is the total angular momentum in the ground and excited states). The lowest possible temperatures of laser cooling of atoms are analysed numerically and the results are compared with the data obtained for sub-Doppler cooling using light waves resonant to electric dipole optical transitions.
Abstract The efficiency of the polarisation mechanisms of laser cooling of atoms is analysed using narrow optical transitions for which the recoil energy is greater than or comparable to the natural line width. By the example of atoms with the J g = 1 → J e = 2 optical transition (J g and J e are the total angular momenta of the ground and excited states) in the resonant light fields of σ + – σ – and lin⊥lin configurations, the analysis of the minimum achievable energies of laser-cooled atoms is performed. It is shown that the polarisation mechanisms of laser cooling under conditions of a significant influence of recoil effects become less efficient and do not lead to average kinetic energies of an ensemble of atoms below the Doppler limit.
Laser cooling dynamics of neutral atoms with a closed optical transition Jg → Je in light fields with nonuniform polarization formed by counterpropagating waves with linear, circular or elliptical polarization was considered. For the case of finite interaction time of atoms with light field both mechanisms of Doppler and Sub-Doppler laser cooling affected on atoms in ensemble having different velocities were taken into account. We get qualitative relations on a base of numerical analysis in a frame of quasiclassical treatment of laser cooling. These relations allow to define optimal parameters of cooling waves, i.e. polarization, detuning from atomic resonance and intensity of light waves for the most rapid and dip laser cooling from initially wide momentum distribution for finite interaction time of atoms with laser field
Based on the numerical solution of the quantum kinetic equation for the atomic density matrix, which makes it possible to accurately take into account the recoil effects in the interaction of atoms with field photons, we have studied the limits of laser cooling of atoms using closed optical transitions characterised by different recoil parameters (the ratio of the recoil energy to the natural linewidth). It is shown that for optical transitions with an insufficiently small recoil parameter, the polarisation effects, which lead to the possibility of sub-Doppler laser cooling, lose their efficiency and do not ensure an attainment of the temperature below the Doppler limit. The analysis performed allows one to outline the boundaries of the sub-Doppler theory of laser cooling of atoms.
Abstract The kinetics of 6Li atoms in a bichromatic laser field exciting transitions on D2 and D1 lines is investigated. The model takes into account the complex real structure of energy levels of 6Li (including the Zeeman degeneracy) as well as the nonuniform spatial polarization of the laser field. It is found that detuning and the polarization configuration of the light field component of the resonant D2 line of the 6Li atom are of fundamental importance for laser cooling. The possibility of cooling of atoms below the Doppler limit is demonstrated.
The kinetics of6Li atoms in a bichromatic laser field exciting transitions on D2 and D1 lines is investigated. The model takes into account the complex real structure of energy levels of6Li (including the Zeeman degeneracy) as well as the nonuniform spatial polarization of the laser field. It is found that detuning and the polarization configuration of the light field component of the resonant D2 line of the6Li atom are of fundamental importance for laser cooling. The possibility of cooling of atoms below the Doppler limit is demonstrated.
We present the theoretical analysis of sub-Doppler laser cooling of 24Mg atoms using dipole transition 33P2→33D3 under two counterpropagating light waves with opposite circular polarizations (one-dimensional σ+σ– configuration). For numerical calculations the standard semi-classical approach based on the Fokker–Planck equation for linear momentum distribution of atoms is exploited. The distributions are gained beyond the limits of slow atoms approximation and for an arbitrary light field intensity. The absence of these limits allows us to determine the optimal parameters of the light field to maximize a fraction of ultracold atoms (T ~ 10 μK) in a whole atomic cloud. In particular, under certain conditions the fraction can reach a value of 50%. Solution of the existing problems in deep laser cooling of magnesium atoms has obvious prospects for atomic optics and quantum metrology: for instance, in designing new-generation optical frequency and time standards based on cold atoms in optical lattices.