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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Spin Dynamics of Single Er 3+ Ions in a Silicon Nanophotonic Cavity

Songtao Chen, Mouktik Raha, Christopher M. Phenicie, Alan Dibos, Jeffrey D. Thompson

Published May 5, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Magnetic field orientation and strength dependent spin dynamics is studied for the 1.536 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ telecom transitions of single Er3+ ions in Y 2 SiO 5 . Long spin $T_{1}=2$ seconds is measured from ground state Zeeman spin levels. © 2019 The Author(s)

DOI
10.23919/cleo.2019.8749217

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Magnetic field orientation and strength dependent spin dynamics is studied for the 1.536 μm\mu \mathrm{m}μm telecom transitions of single Er3+ ions in Y 2 SiO 5 . Long spin T1=2T_{1}=2T1​=2 seconds is measured from ground state Zeeman spin levels. © 2019 The Author(s)
Abstract Optically-interfaced spins in the solid state are a promising platform for quantum technologies. A crucial component of these systems is high-fidelity, projective measurement of the spin state. Here, we demonstrate single-shot spin readout of a single rare earth ion qubit, Er 3+ , which is attractive for its telecom-wavelength optical transition and compatibility with silicon nanophotonic circuits. In previous work with laser-cooled atoms and ions, and solid-state defects, spin readout is accomplished using fluorescence on an optical cycling transition; however, Er 3+ and other rare earth ions generally lack strong cycling transitions. We demonstrate that modifying the electromagnetic environment around the ion can increase the strength and cyclicity of the optical transition by several orders of magnitude, enabling single-shot quantum nondemolition readout of the ion’s spin with 94.6% fidelity. We use this readout to probe coherent dynamics and relaxation of the spin.
The influence of the anisotropic Zeeman effect on optical decoherence was studied for the 1.54 μm telecom transition in Er3+:Y2SiO5 using photon echo spectroscopy as a function of applied magnetic field orientation and strength. The decoherence strongly correlates with the Zeeman energy splittings described by the ground- and excited-state g factor variations for all inequivalent Er3+ sites, with the observed decoherence times arising from the combined effects of the magnetic dipole-dipole coupling strength and the ground- and excited-state spin-flip rates, along with the natural lifetime of the upper level. The decoherence time was maximized along a preferred magnetic field orientation that minimized the effects of spectral diffusion and that enabled the measurement of an exceptionally narrow optical resonance in a solid—demonstrating a homogeneous linewidth as narrow as 73 Hz.
Entanglement between photons and a quantum memory is a key component of quantum repeaters, which allow long-distance quantum entanglement distribution in the presence of fiber losses. Spin-photon entanglement has been implemented with a number of different atomic and solid-state qubits with long spin coherence times, but none directly emit photons into the 1.5 − μ m telecom band where losses in optical fibers are minimized. Here, we demonstrate spin-photon entanglement using a single rare earth ion in the solid-state Er 3 + coupled to a silicon nanophotonic cavity, which directly emits photons at 1532.6 nm. We infer an entanglement fidelity of 73(3)% after propagating through 15.6 km of optical fiber. This work opens the door to large-scale quantum networks based Er 3 + ions, leveraging scalable silicon device fabrication and spectral multiplexing.