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Hydrogen pressure at $10^{-12}$ mBar level in a room temperature ion trapping apparatus

Petr Obšil, Adam Lešundák, Tram Pham, Kirill Lakhmanskiy, Lukáš Podhora, Martin Oral, Ondřej Čı́p, L. Slodička

Published Apr 30, 2019• 0 citations
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Hydrogen pressure at 10−1210^{-12}10−12 mBar level in a room temperature ion trapping apparatus
We present a room-temperature Extreme High Vacuum (XHV) system engineered to support the long-duration operation of a trapped-ion quantum processor. Background-gas collisions impose limitations on trapped-ion performance and scalability by interrupting algorithmic execution and, in some cases, ejecting ions from the trap. Using molecular-flow simulations, we optimize the chamber geometry, conductance pathways, and pumping configuration to maximize the effective pumping speed at the ion location. We perform high-temperature heat treatment of stainless steel vacuum components to achieve the desired outgassing rate, guided by quantitative relations of bulk diffusive processes, allowing us to reduce the H2\mathrm{H_2}H2​ outgassing load to the 10−15 mbar l s−1 cm−210^{-15}\,\mathrm{mbar\,l\,s^{-1}\,cm^{-2}}10−15mbarls−1cm−2 level. The final pressure in our chamber, measured by a hot cathode gauge, is 1.5×10−12 mbar1.5\times10^{-12}\,\mathrm{mbar}1.5×10−12mbar, corresponding to the gauge's measurement limit. We measure the local pressure at the ion location by observing collision-induced reordering events in a long ion chain of mixed-isotope Yb+^++. From the observed reordering frequency, we extract the average interval between collisions to be (1.9±0.1) hrs/ion(1.9 \pm 0.1)\,\mathrm{hrs/ion}(1.9±0.1)hrs/ion. This corresponds to a local pressure of (3.9±0.3)×10−12 mbar(3.9 \pm 0.3)\times10^{-12}\,\mathrm{mbar}(3.9±0.3)×10−12mbar at the ion location, assuming that all collisions arise from background H2_22​ molecules at room temperature. Our demonstration extends the continuous operation time of a quantum processor while maintaining the simplicity of a room-temperature system that does not require cryogenic apparatus.
The lifetime of trapped ion ensembles corresponds to a crucial parameter determining the potential scalability of their prospective applications and is often limited by the achievable vacuum level in the apparatus. We report on the realization of a room-temperature 40Ca+ ion trapping vacuum apparatus with unprecedentedly low reaction rates of ions with a dominant vacuum contaminant: hydrogen. We present our trap assembly procedures and hydrogen pressure characterization by analysis of the CaH+ molecule formation rate.
Chemical reactions between ultracold 9Be+^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}9Be+ ions and room-temperature molecular hydrogen isotopomers and between ultracold H3+{\mathrm{H}}_{3}^{+}H3+​ ions and room-temperature O2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ have been studied in a laser-cooling ion trap apparatus. For small Coulomb crystals of beryllium ions, reactions can be followed at the single-ion level. We demonstrate characterization of a chemical reaction in which neither one of the reactants nor the product is directly detectable. In this case molecular dynamics simulations were used for the determination of ion numbers from images of the 9Be+^{9}\mathrm{Be}^{+}9Be+ ion ensemble. The observed reaction rates are in agreement with the Langevin ion-neutral reaction theory.