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Electronics

On Secrecy Performance of the Strong User in MISO-NOMA Visible Light Communication System

Xiang Dong Zhao, Jinyong Sun

Published Apr 25, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Since successive interference cancellation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is enabled at the strong user to remove the signal of the weak user, if the information safety of the strong user cannot be ensured, neither can the weak user. The physical-layer security of the strong user in a two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO)-NOMA visible light communication (VLC) system in the presence of a passive eavesdropper was studied, with multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs) transmitting and a photodiode (PD) receiver receiving. To demonstrate the superiority of the MISO-NOMA VLC system over the SISO-NOMA VLC system, numerical simulations were made, and results show that the secrecy outage probability (SOP) performance of the strong user in the MISO-NOMA VLC system is superior to that in the SISO-NOMA VLC system. Furthermore, the SOP of the strong user depends highly on the room arrangement, the difference between the legitimate channel and eavesdropper channel, and the properties of the LEDs and PD.

DOI
10.3390/electronics8040462

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Since successive interference cancellation in non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is enabled at the strong user to remove the signal of the weak user, if the information safety of the strong user cannot be ensured, neither can the weak user. The physical-layer security of the strong user in a two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO)-NOMA visible light communication (VLC) system in the presence of a passive eavesdropper was studied, with multiple light-emitting diodes (LEDs) transmitting and a photodiode (PD) receiver receiving. To demonstrate the superiority of the MISO-NOMA VLC system over the SISO-NOMA VLC system, numerical simulations were made, and results show that the secrecy outage probability (SOP) performance of the strong user in the MISO-NOMA VLC system is superior to that in the SISO-NOMA VLC system. Furthermore, the SOP of the strong user depends highly on the room arrangement, the difference between the legitimate channel and eavesdropper channel, and the properties of the LEDs and PD.
In order to improve the security performance of multiuser visible light communication (VLC) and facilitate the secure application of optical wireless communication technology in Internet-of-Things, we investigate the physical-layer security in a multiuser VLC system with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). When the light-emitting diode (LED) transmitter communicates with multiple legitimate users by downlink NOMA, both single eavesdropper and multi-eavesdropper scenarios are considered. In the presence of single eavesdropper, based on transmission characteristics of the optical wireless channel, with known instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the NOMA legitimate channels and statistical CSI of the eavesdropper channel, an exact expression of secrecy outage probability (SOP) is derived, which acts as a benchmark of the security performance to guide selecting or optimizing parameters of the LED transmitter and the photodiode receiver of NOMA legitimate users. In the multi-eavesdropper case, based on the spatial distribution of legitimate users and eavesdroppers, the SOP is obtained via a stochastic geometry theory, so as to guide the NOMA legitimate users to keep away from the area with high eavesdropper density. For typical parameters of the indoor LED transmitter and the PD receiver, simulation results show that the SOP performance improves with the increasing of LED transmission power or transmission signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in both scenarios. Specifically, in the single eavesdropper case, enlarging the channel condition difference of user groups or deviating the eavesdropper from the given user group can improve the SOP performance, and for a given NOMA legitimate user, the SOP eventually settles around 0.2 while the semiangle at half illuminance of the LED varies between 15° to 60°. In the multi-eavesdropper case, we can get a better SOP performance when reducing the eavesdropper density or the semi-angle at half illuminance of the LED for a given eavesdropper density.
This paper considers improving the confidentiality of visible light communication (VLC) links within the framework of physical-layer security. We study a VLC scenario with one transmitter, one legitimate receiver, and one eavesdropper. The transmitter has multiple light sources, while the legitimate and unauthorized receivers have a single photodetector, each. We characterize secrecy rates achievable via transmit beamforming over the multiple-input, single-output (MISO) VLC wiretap channel. For VLC systems, intensity modulation (IM) via light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is the most practical transmission scheme. Because of the limited dynamic range of typical LEDs, the modulating signal must satisfy certain amplitude constraints. Hence, we begin with deriving lower and upper bounds on the secrecy capacity of the scalar Gaussian wiretap channel subject to amplitude constraints. Then, we utilize beamforming to obtain a closed-form secrecy rate expression for the MISO wiretap channel. Finally, we propose a robust beamforming scheme to consider the scenario wherein information about the eavesdropper's channel is imperfect due to location uncertainty. A typical application of the proposed scheme is to secure the communication link when the eavesdropper is expected to exist within a specified area. The performance is measured in terms of the worst-case secrecy rate guaranteed under all admissible realizations of the eavesdropper's channel.
In this paper, we investigate the physical layer security (PLS) for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) visible light communication (VLC) system, whose information is intercepted by collusive eavesdroppers. For the case of known eavesdroppers' locations, a precoding scheme is proposed to maximize the secrecy capacity of the system by suppressing the rate of collusive eavesdroppers. Then we extend the scheme to the case of unknown eavesdroppers' locations. Specifically, the artificial noise is introduced in the precoding scheme to further suppress the average rate of eavesdroppers. To solve the non-convex optimization problem, we propose an iterative algorithm based on concave-convex procedure. Simulation results illustrate the outperformance of the proposed schemes in guaranteeing the PLS for the MISO NOMA VLC system under the interception of collusive eavesdroppers.
Integrating visible light communication (VLC) and radio-frequency (RF) networks can improve the performance of communication systems in terms of coverage and data rates. However, adding RF links to VLC networks weakens the secrecy performance due to the broadcast and ubiquitous nature of RF links. This paper studies the physical layer security (PLS) in cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CoNOMA) hybrid VLC/RF systems. Consider a VLC system, where two entrusted users close to a VLC access point (AP) help an out-of-coverage legitimate user using RF signals in the presence of an eavesdropper. The AP transmits data to both entrusted users and the legitimate user using the principle of NOMA, where the entrusted users harvest energy from the received light intensity, decode the legitimate user's message, forward it using a RF link, and then decode their messages. It is required to maximize the secrecy rate at the legitimate user under quality-of-service (QoS) constraints using beamforming and DC-bias and power allocation. Different solutions are proposed for both active and passive eavesdropper cases, using semidefinite relaxation, zero-forcing, beamforming, and jamming. Numerical results compare between the different proposed approaches and show how the proposed approaches contribute in improving the secrecy performance of the proposed model.
Securing visible light communication (VLC) systems with physical-layer technologies has drawn increasing attention. In this paper, we leverage both transmit beamforming and jamming techniques to enhance communication secrecy for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) VLC system with presence of multiple eavesdroppers. The transmit beamformer and jamming precoder are jointly optimized in the sense that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the legitimate user is maximized subject to maximum SNR constraints imposed on eavesdroppers, as well as light-emitting diode (LED) optical power constraints. Despite the fact that the corresponding optimization problem has a nonconvex fractional form, we are able to determine its locally optimal solution via Charnes-Cooper transformation and minorization-maximization algorithm. Furthermore, we study the extension to a more complicated scenario where perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) is not available. The superiority of the proposed algorithms is finally verified via simulations.
We study in this paper the secrecy performance of the multiple-input single-output (MISO) visible light communication (VLC) channel in the presence of randomly located eavesdroppers. We consider a system model comprising a transmitter, equipped with multiple fixtures of LEDs, one legitimate receiver equipped with a single photo-diode (PD) and a group of randomly located (and colluding) eavesdroppers, each equipped with a single PD. We derive a closed-form expression for the average achievable secrecy rate as a function of the beamforming vector, the input distribution, and the location density of the eavesdroppers using stochastic geometry. We then investigate the optimal beamformer that maximizes the average achievable secrecy rate. We corroborate the analytical results through Monte Carlo simulations and we demonstrate substantial improvements provided by the proposed scheme over existing ones.