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Quantum states generation in multichannel directional coupler with second-order nonlinearity

Rafael Julius, Abdel-Baset M.A. Ibrahim, P. K. Choudhury, Hichem Eleuch

Published Apr 20, 2019• 19 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.03.027

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In this paper we derive the quantum statistical and dynamical properties of nonlinear optical couplers composed of two nonlinear waveguides operating by second subharmonic generation, which are coupled linearly through evanescent waves and nonlinearly through non-degenerate optical parametric interaction. Main attention is paid to generation and transmission of non-classical light, based on a discussion of the squeezing phenomenon, the normalized second-order correlation function and quasiprobability distribution functions. Initially coherent, number and thermal states of optical beams are considered. In particular, results are discussed with dependence on the strength of the nonlinear coupling relatively to the linear coupling. We show that if the Fock state |1〉 enters the first waveguide and the vacuume state |0〉 enters the second waveguide, the coupler can serve as a generator of squeezed vacuum state governed by the coupler parameters. Further, if thermal fields enter initially the waveguides the coupler plays a similar role as a microwave Josephson-junction parametric amplifier to generate squeezed thermal light.
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion in coupled nonlinear waveguides is a flexible approach for generating tunable path entangled states. We describe a formalism based on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem to compute the quantum states generated by waveguide arrays for arbitrary system parameters. We find that all four Bell states can be generated in directional couplers with non-degenerate photons. Our method enables one to efficiently explore the phase space of waveguide systems and readily assess the robustness of any given state to variations in the system's parameters. We believe it represents a valuable tool for quantum state engineering in coupled waveguide systems.
Antibunching, a key characteristic of single-photon sources, is crucial for quantum cryptography and quantum computing [1]. Nonlinear couplers have significant potential as generators of nonclassical light [2,3]. However, Limited research has been reported on antibunching in nonlinear couplers [4,5]. This study investigates antibunching in an innovative design of a nonlinear coupler (as fig. 1 shows) featuring three nonlinear waveguides, each comprising a material that exhibits the second-order nonlinearity.