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New Journal of Physics

Observation of ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency with atomic optical lattices near a nanofiber

Dianqiang Su, Ruijuan Liu, Zhonghua Ji, Xiaodong Qi, Zixuan Song, Yanting Zhao, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia

Published Apr 1, 2019• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Tapered nanofiber is an efficient tool for enhancing light–matter interactions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in one-dimensional atomic lattices near an optical nanofiber (ONF). A typical EIT signal is well fitted from experimental data according to a semiclassical model and implies a transmission nearly 35%. We investigate the dependence of EIT transmission on the coupling power and its saturation condition. In addition, we show a large fraction of the transmission spectral broadening is induced by lattice effects. Our results may pave the road towards generating correlations and entanglement through four-wave mixing with ONFs, which may facilitate the realization of efficient quantum optical networks.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/ab172e

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•Jan 1, 2016•0 citations
Abstract Tapered nanofiber is an efficient tool for enhancing light–matter interactions. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in one-dimensional atomic lattices near an optical nanofiber (ONF). A typical EIT signal is well fitted from experimental data according to a semiclassical model and implies a transmission nearly 35%. We investigate the dependence of EIT transmission on the coupling power and its saturation condition. In addition, we show a large fraction of the transmission spectral broadening is induced by lattice effects. Our results may pave the road towards generating correlations and entanglement through four-wave mixing with ONFs, which may facilitate the realization of efficient quantum optical networks.
Optical nanofiber (ONF) is a special tool to achieve the interaction between light and matter with ultralow power. In this paper, we demonstrate V-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in cold atoms trapped by an ONF-based two-color optical lattice. At an optical depth of 7.35, 90% transmission can be achieved by only 7.7 pW coupling power. The EIT peak and linewidth are investigated as a function of the coupling optical power. By modulating the pW-level control beam of the ONF-EIT system in sequence, we further achieve efficient and high contrast control of the probe transmission, as well as its potential application in the field of quantum communication and quantum information science by using one-dimensional atomic chains.
Optical nanofiber (ONF) is a special tool for effectively controlling coupling of light and atoms. In this paper, we study the ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparent (EIT) under ultralow power level in a warm cesium vapor by observing the transmission of ONF that couples the 6S → 6P Cs atoms in the presence of a 6P → 8S control beam through the same fiber. The linewidth and transmission of the EIT signal are investigated at different intensities of the control laser. In addition, we theoretically study the nonlinear interaction at the ONF interface using the multi-level density matrix equations, and obtain good agreements between theory and experiments. The results may have great significance for further study of optical nonlinear effect at low power level.
We demonstrate ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using an optical nanofiber suspended in a warm rubidium vapor. The signal and control fields are both guided along the nanofiber, which enables strong nonlinear interactions with the surrounding atoms at relatively low powers. Transit-time broadening is found to be a significant EIT decoherence mechanism in this tightly confined waveguiding geometry. Nonetheless, we observe significant EIT and controlled polarization rotation using control-field powers of only a few microwatts in this relatively robust warm-atom nanofiber system.
Tapered optical fibers with a nanofiber waist are versatile tools for interfacing light and matter. In this context, laser-cooled atoms trapped in the evanescent field surrounding the optical nanofiber are of particular interest: They exhibit both long ground-state coherence times and efficient coupling to fiber-guided fields. Here, we demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency, slow light, and the storage of fiber-guided optical pulses in an ensemble of cold atoms trapped in a nanofiber-based optical lattice. We measure a slow-down of light pulses to group velocities of 50 m/s. Moreover, we store optical pulses at the single photon level and retrieve them on demand in the fiber after 2 microseconds with an overall efficiency of (3.0 +/- 0.4) %. Our results show that nanofiber-based interfaces for cold atoms have great potential for the realization of building blocks for future optical quantum information networks.
A nonlinear optical four-wave mixing scheme is presented and analysed for the generation of coherent light in a nearly four-level ladder-type atomic system in the context of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We find that EIT can suppress nonlinear photon absorption and the peak of the generated mixing field is located at the centre of the transparency window where the loss is minimal, though there is a dip in the centre. Such a nonlinear optical process can also be used for generating coherent short-wavelength radiation.
Systems allowing controllable photon-atom interactions are becoming increasingly important for quantum communication applications. One promising platform involves the interaction of the tightly-confined evanescent mode of an optical nanofiber with surrounding atoms. This dissertation will overview our work on the interaction of nanofiber-guided light with a warm rubidium vapor. In comparison to related work with cold atom clouds or trapped atoms, the "warm atom-nanofiber" system is fairly robust but operates in a regime where motional effects of the atoms are significant. We will first discuss a detailed study of saturated absorption in this system, with an emphasis on the role of motional effects in hyperfine pumping rates and various line broadening mechanisms. The power needed to saturate the system is essentially a measure of the system?s capability to enable nonlinear optical interactions of the kind that are needed for quantum communication applications, and we observe remarkably ultralow saturation powers of 10?s of nW (corresponding to only ?10 photons passing through the nanofiber at a given time). We then utilize this strong nonlinearity to demonstrate 3-level ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and all-optical modulation with ultralow control-field powers on the order of only a few ?W. Finally, we discuss a novel nanofiber-segment nonlinear ring resonator comprised of a large loop of conventional single-mode fiber with a short nanofiber segment surrounded by a warm rubidium vapor. In this device, the cavity enhanced evanescent field of the nanofiber enables even stronger photon-atom interactions.