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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Studying collective effects in 3D waveguide QED with frequency and time-domain resolved spectroscopy

Aleksei Sharafiev, Mathieu L. Juan, Maximilian Zanner, Juan José García‐Ripoll, Gerhard Kirchmair

Published Mar 4, 2019• 0 citations
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Waveguide-QED platforms represent one potential approach to scalable quantum technologies, but their simulation remains computationally demanding due to the large number of frequency modes required to describe traveling photons. In practice, increasing the simulated bandwidth rapidly raises the numerical cost, leading to a trade-off between accuracy and tractability. The existing approaches formulated in time-domain indirectly control this trade-off through the choice of time step, which obscures the connection between discretization parameters and the represented spectral window. In this work, we introduce an end-to-end framework to explicitly control the effective bandwidth in waveguide-QED simulations of two-photon scattering. We show that truncating the frequency domain requires consistent shifts of the model parameters, and derive a systematic calibration procedure that preserves the physical accuracy of the reduced model. This enables tuning the central frequency and the bandwidth of the numerical spectrum, leading to a several-fold reduction in the Hilbert space dimension while maintaining physical accuracy. We discuss the limitations of this calibration and relate the finite-bandwidth viewpoint to time-domain discretizations.
Many spectroscopic techniques today rely on time-resolved measurements under short excitation pulses. Instead of using a chopped pump excitation, or ultrafast optical pulses, we expand on and apply the previously developed set of frequency domain methods to analyze the population level dynamics in rare-earth-doped media. By identifying the full frequency response of the gain medium, this method can accurately yield excited state lifetimes and can also be used to estimate transition cross-sections. The accuracy of the frequency domain methods are verified with Er3+-and Tm3+-doped fibers, and an Al2O3:Tm3+waveguide, recovering similar results as reported by time-resolved techniques. The complete frequency domain model presented here can be used in characterization of novel optical gain media, and can provide insights into population dynamics in solid state amplifiers and lasers.
We study the superradiant decay of a chain of atoms coupled to a chiral waveguide, focusing on the regime of non-negligible photon propagation time. Using an exact master equation description that accounts for delay effects, we obtain evidence to suggest that competition between collective decay and retardation leads to the emergence of an effective maximum number of atoms able to contribute to the superradiant dynamics, resulting in a plateau of the peak emission rate. To develop this analysis further, we investigate the interatomic correlations to find features consistent with the formation of individual superradiant domains. Moreover, we find that retardation can also result in persistent oscillatory atomic dynamics accompanied by a periodic sequence of emission bursts.