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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Tunable-profile qubit-photon bound state interactions with superconducting circuits

Basil M. Smitham, Neereja Sundaresan, Przemysław Bienias, Rex Lundgren, Alexey Vyacheslavovich Gorshkov, Andrew Houck

Published Mar 4, 2019• 0 citations
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Qubits strongly coupled to a photonic crystal give rise to qubit-photon dressed bound states.These bound states, comprising the qubits and spatially localized photonic modes induced around the qubits, are the basis for many exotic physical scenarios.The localization of these states changes with qubit detuning from the photonic crystal band edge, offering an avenue of in situ control of bound-state interaction.Here, we present experimental results from a device with two transmon qubits coupled to a superconducting microwave photonic crystal and realize tunable on-site and interbound state interactions.We observe a fourth-order two-photon virtual process between bound states indicating strong coupling between the photonic crystal and transmon qubits.Because of their localization-dependent interaction, these states offer the ability to realize one-dimensional chains of bound states with tunable and potentially long-range interactions that preserve the qubits' spatial organization.The widely tunable, strong, and robust interactions demonstrated with this system are promising benchmarks towards realizing larger, more complex systems that use bound states to build and study quantum spin models.
We propose tunable chiral bound states in a system composed of superconducting giant atoms and a Josephson photonic-crystal waveguide (PCW), with no analog in other quantum setups. The chiral bound states arise due to interference in the nonlocal coupling of a giant atom to multiple points of the waveguide. The chirality can be tuned by changing either the atom-waveguide coupling or the external bias of the PCW. Furthermore, the chiral bound states can induce directional dipole-dipole interactions between multiple giant atoms coupling to the same waveguide. Our proposal is ready to be implemented in experiments with superconducting circuits, where it can be used as a tunable toolbox to realize topological phase transitions and quantum simulations.
Tunable couplings are a central requirement for scalable quantum processing with superconducting quantum circuits. Practical quantum processors must dynamically reconfigure their interaction landscape to accommodate different quantum operations, including idle, single-qubit gates, two-qubit gates, readout, and reset, while maintaining high coherence and suppressing spurious couplings. While widely used tunable interaction approaches rely on single-mode mediation, they are often constrained by nearest-neighbor connectivity, limited on-off ratios, and stringent requirements on qubit frequency allocation. This thesis develops and studies novel strategies for tailoring tunable interactions by moving beyond single-mode mediation, spanning multimode engineered interactions and modeless interaction schemes ("many to no modes"), while accounting for realistic constraints in superconducting hardware. Using a microwave metamaterial waveguide realized by coupled resonator arrays, I demonstrate tunable dissipative interactions that allow on-demand, fast, and high switching-ratio photon emission from a transmon used as a multi-level quantum emitter. This capability is leveraged to achieve deterministic generation of multidimensional photonic cluster states, as well as unconditional reset and leakage reduction of frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. Complementary to these multimode dissipative tunable interactions, this thesis also introduces architectures that realize tunable interactions mediated by many coherent modes or by no mediating modes. I discuss a long-range interaction scheme between superconducting dual-rail qubits mediated by spatially extended eigenmodes of a coupled-resonator array bus. Finally, I propose and analyze a novel modeless coupling architecture based on a SQUID coupler which provides intrinsic cross-Kerr interactions, enabling fast, hybridization-free CZ gates for far-detuned pairs, and discuss its implications for miniaturization of superconducting quantum processors.